Fig. 4.

PEDV ORF3 up-regulates the level of GRP78 expression and induces the phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2α. (A) The 293 T cells were either transfected with indicated plasmids or treated with Tg used as for positive control. At the indicated time point, cell lysates were harvested and subjected to Western Blot analysis using the corresponding primary antibodies and second antibodies conjugated with HRP. Cellular α-tubulin was employed as an internal loading control protein. (B) Densitometry scans were conducted using ImageJ software (NIH). Densitometry of the GRP78, phospho-PERK and phospho-eIF2α bands normalized to controls are presented as fold change ± SEM compared with the controls. * P < 0.05; ** P <  0.01; *** P <  0.001.