Fig. 2.

P-PMO 5UP1-mediated inhibition of PRRSV replication in infected CRL11171 cells. (A) Cytopathic effect (CPE) is clearly visible at 48 h post PRRSV (image with label of ‘PRRSV VR2385, no PMO’) infection, while uninfected control cells (image with label of ‘CRL11171, no virus’) retain an intact monolayer. Cells treated with 16 μM 5UP1 for 4 h immediately before virus inoculation display reduced CPE development (image with label of ‘5UP1, VR2385’), while treatment with CP1 or other P-PMOs did not result in reduced CPE under identical conditions. (B) Virus yield titration shown as log TCID₅₀/ml from similar samples as pictured in (A). The experiment was repeated three times and error bars are shown. (C) Immunofluorescence assay with a monoclonal antibody against PRRSV shows green fluorescence, indicating detection of PRRSV nucleocapsid protein in infected cells. P-PMO 5UP1 suppressed PRRSV replication (5UP1 16 and 32 μM), while CP1 P-PMO had no effect.