. 2019 Jul 9;60(3):460–471. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnz079

Table 1.

Descriptive Characteristics and Identification of Variables in Models

	Total sample (N = 2,295)		Cont full-time worker (N = 1,187)		Partially retire (N = 182)		Retire/return to work (N = 185)		Fully retiree (N = 740)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Min	Max	Sig
Change in total recall	−0.63	3.26	−0.33	3.31	−1.099	2.990	−0.659	3.272	−0.977	3.194	−15	13
Non-Hispanic black^a,b	0.11		0.11		0.082		0.162		0.095		0	1	***
Educational credential^a,b
Less than high school	0.09		0.09		0.071		0.097		0.095		0	1
High school	0.33		0.28		0.308		0.324		0.409		0	1	*
Some college	0.24		0.25		0.181		0.227		0.224		0	1
College	0.35		0.38		0.440		0.351		0.272		0	1	+
Baseline age^a,b	58.08	4.35	56.95	4.38	59.467	3.741	58.584	4.065	59.434	3.995	47	80	**
Age 62+ at retirement^b	0.35		0.23		0.511		0.443		0.485		0	1	***
Female^a,b	0.49		0.48		0.555		0.535		0.480		0	1
Preretirement cognitive score^a,b	17.80	3.35	17.74	3.47	18.088	3.049	17.951	3.234	17.768	3.256	5	27	+
Frailty Index^a,b	−0.12	0.10	−0.11	0.09	−0.112	0.087	−0.119	0.111	−0.127	0.101	−0.778	0	***
Change in self- rated health^a,b	−0.09	0.81	−0.11	0.77	0.044	0.712	−0.049	0.905	−0.091	0.885	−4	3	***
Married^a,b	0.69		0.68		0.687		0.686		0.707		0	1
Married × Spouse total recall score^a,b	7.98	5.94	7.95	5.97	8.121	6.021	7.881	5.971	8.031	5.868	0	20
Married × Spouse years of education^a,b	9.23	6.55	9.28	6.70	9.456	6.725	8.751	6.369	9.207	6.310	0	17
Married × Spouse works^a,b	0.49		0.501		0.473		0.422		0.468		0	1
Total household wealth (quintiles) ^b	5.54	2.83	5.51	2.99	5.742	2.864	5.497	2.619	5.549	2.605	1	10	***
Individual weekly income (logged) ^b	6.63	0.68	6.65	0.72	6.672	0.724	6.622	0.582	6.597	0.634	0.731	10.882	***
Has a defined benefit pension^b	0.43	0.50	0.34	0.47	0.478	0.501	0.508	0.501	0.553	0.498	0	1
Has a defined contribution pension^b	0.50	0.50	0.53	0.50	0.451	0.499	0.481	0.501	0.459	0.499	0	1
Months baseline to Wave 4^a,b	72.51	3.90	73.04	4.35	72.247	3.334	71.827	3.241	71.912	3.239	59	86	***
Birth cohort group^b
HRS	0.54		0.33		0.79		0.77		0.11		0	1	***
War babies	0.25		0.30		0.17		0.19		0.20		0	1	***
Early baby boomers	0.20		0.36		0.04		0.04		0.03		0	1	***

^aItems used in the outcome model.

^bItems used in the propensity model.

***p < .001; **p < .01; *p < .05; +p < .10 (significance indicates significant differences across groups, based on a one-way ANOVA test).