Table 3.
Estimated Changes in Cognitive Function for Different Retirement Pathways Relative to Continuous Full-Time Work by Complexity Level
| Work/retirement group | N | Change in cognitive function score (POM) |
Difference relative to full-time work (ATE) |
% Difference relative to full- time work | Difference relative to partial retirement (ATE) |
% Difference relative to partial retirement | Difference relative to return to work (ATE) |
% Difference relative to return | Difference relative to full retirement (ATE) |
% Difference relative to full retirement | 95% CI | 95% CI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low complexity | Continuous full-time worker | 316 | −0.31 | 1.84 | *** | 86% less | 2.04 | *** | 87% less | 1.31 | *** | 81% less | −0.72 | 0.1 | |||
| 0.21 | 0.50 | 0.44 | 0.30 | ||||||||||||||
| Partially retire | 47 | −2.15 | −1.85 | *** | 592% more | 0.20 | NS | −0.52 | NS | −3.04 | −1.25 | ||||||
| 0.46 | 0.50 | 0.59 | 0.50 | ||||||||||||||
| Retire/ return to work | 53 | −2.35 | −2.04 | *** | 657% more | −0.20 | NS | −0.73 | + | −3.10 | −1.60 | ||||||
| 0.38 | 0.44 | 0.59 | 0.44 | ||||||||||||||
| Fully retire | 447 | −1.6 | −1.31 | *** | 423% more | 0.52 | NS | 0.73 | + | −2.03 | −1.21 | ||||||
| 0.21 | 0.30 | 0.50 | 0.44 | ||||||||||||||
| Moderate complexity | Continuous full-time worker | 278 | −0.53 | 0.65 | + | 0.74 | + | 0.20 | NS | −0.90 | −0.16 | ||||||
| 0.19 | 0.35 | 0.39 | 0.27 | ||||||||||||||
| Partially retire | 87 | −1.18 | −0.65 | + | −1.40 | ** | 649% more | −0.45 | NS | −1.76 | −0.60 | ||||||
| 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.45 | 0.35 | ||||||||||||||
| Retire/ return to work | 80 | 0.22 | 0.74 | + | 1.40 | ** | 118% less | 0.95 | * | 129% less | −0.45 | 0.88 | |||||
| 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.45 | 0.39 | ||||||||||||||
| Fully retire | 451 | −0.73 | −0.20 | NS | 0.45 | NS | −0.95 | * | 440% more | −1.11 | −0.35 | ||||||
| 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.39 | ||||||||||||||
| High complexity | Continuous full-time worker | 146 | −0.66 | −0.14 | NS | −1.09 | ** | 253% more | 0.04 | NS | −1.13 | −0.19 | |||||
| 0.24 | 0.47 | 0.35 | 0.42 | ||||||||||||||
| Partially retire | 48 | −0.52 | 0.14 | NS | −0.96 | * | 221% more | 0.18 | NS | −1.31 | −0.03 | ||||||
| 0.40 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.53 | ||||||||||||||
| Retire/ return to work | 52 | 0.43 | 1.09 | ** | 152% less | 0.96 | * | 182% less | 1.13 | ** | 162% less | −0.05 | 0.91 | ||||
| 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.47 | 0.42 | ||||||||||||||
| Fully retire | 290 | −0.70 | −0.04 | NS | −0.18 | NS | −1.13 | ** | 262% more | −1.37 | −0.03 | ||||||
| 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.53 | 0.42 |
Note: “Change in Cognitive function” is the potential outcome mean (POM) calculations for each group and the “Difference Relative to ...” are the estimated average treatment effects (ATE) for retirement treatment groups relative to the associated control group. Statistical significance indicates significant differences relative to the control group (i.e., continuous full-time workers). All calculations use inverse probability weighted regression adjustment. The variables used in the propensity models and the outcome models are given in Table 1.
***p < .001; **p < .01; *p < .05.