Table 2.
Reducing Disability in Alzheimer’s Disease-NorthWest Outcomes for persons with dementia and Caregivers
| Mean (SE) (95% CI) change from |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SE)(95% CI) | Control assessment | Primary assessment | Follow-up assessment | |||||
| Variable (range of possible values) | Baseline | Baseline to pretreatment | p Value | Pretreatment to posttreatment | p Value | Pretreatment to 13 months | p Value | |
| Days exercise ≥ 30 min (0–7)a | ||||||||
| persons with dementia | 1.59 (0.15) (1.31 to 1.88) |
0.06 (0.10) (−0.13 to 0.25) |
.53 | 0.58 (0.09) (0.40 to 0.75) |
<.001 | 0.28 (0.11) (0.07 to 0.49) |
.01 | |
| Caregiver | 2.89 (0.13) (2.63 to 3.14) |
0.07 (0.05) (−0.04 to 0.17) |
.21 | 0.21 (0.05) (0.11 to 0.31) |
<.001 | 0.03 (0.06) (−0.09 to 0.15) |
.66 | |
| Exercise ≥ 60 min past week (0/1)b | ||||||||
| persons with dementia | 0.36 (0.03) (0.31 to 0.41) |
0.35 (0.24) (−0.12 to 0.83) |
.15 | 1.43 (0.26) (0.92 to 1.93) |
<.001 | 0.60 (0.28) (0.05 to 1.15) |
.03 | |
| Caregiver | 0.62 (0.02) (0.57 to 0.67) |
0.36 (0.25) (−0.14 to 0.86) |
.15 | 1.16 (0.29) (0.59 to 1.73) |
<.001 | −0.09 (0.31) (−0.69 to 0.51) |
.77 | |
| Restricted activity days ≥ 1 past two weeks (0/1) b | ||||||||
| persons with dementia | 0.08 (0.02) (0.05 to 0.12) |
0.70 (0.33) (0.06 to 1.34) |
.03 | 0.06 (0.30) (−0.54 to 0.65) |
.85 | 0.39 (0.33) (−0.26 to 1.04) |
.24 | |
| Caregiver | 0.17 (0.02) (0.12 to 0.22) |
0.06 (0.26) (−0.45 to 0.58) |
.81 | 0.00 (0.28) (−0.54 to 0.54) |
.99 | 0.32 (0.30) (−0.27 to 0.91) |
.29 | |
| SF-36 Physical Functioning (0–100)c, d | ||||||||
| persons with dementia | 44.53 (0.87) (42.88 to 46.24) |
−0.46 (1.07) (−2.55 to 1.63) |
.67 | 0.64 (1.13)(−1.57 to 2.84) | .57 | −10.35 (1.28)(−12.87 to −7.83) | <.001 | |
| Caregiver | 76.93 (0.69) (75.58 to 68.27) |
−1.17 (0.82) (−2.77 to 0.43) |
.15 | −0.00 (0.86)(−1.69 to 1.68) | .99 | −0.67 (0.99)(−2.60 to 1.26) | .50 | |
| SF-36 Physical Role Functioning (0–100)c, d | ||||||||
| persons with dementia | 59.16 (1.99) (55.27 to 63.06) |
−1.86 (2.65) (−7.08 to 3.31) |
.48 | −2.19 (2.80)(−7.67 to 3.29) | .43 | −13.57 (3.17)(−19.79 to −7.35) | <.001 | |
| Caregiver | 71.43 (1.83) (67.84 to 75.01) |
−0.51 (2.39) (−5.19 to 4.17) |
.83 | −2.39 (2.52)(−7.33 to 2.55) | .34 | −4.01 (2.87)(−9.64 to 1.63) | .16 | |
| CES-D (0–60)c,e | ||||||||
| Caregiver | 12.66 (0.34) (11.98 to 13.33) |
−0.27 (0.42) (−1.10 to 0.56) |
.52 | −1.15 (0.45)(−2.03 to 0.28) | .01 | 0.22 (0.51)(−0.79 to 1.22) | .67 | |
| Quality of life-AD (0–52)c, f | ||||||||
| persons with dementia | 31.82 (0.21)(31.40 to 32.23) | −0.27 (0.26)(−0.77 to 0.24) | .30 | 1.03 (0.27)(0.50 to 1.56) | <.001 | −0.17 (0.31)(−0.78 to 0.44) | .59 | |
aEstimates for exercise days from repeated measures, negative binomial regression model with a random intercept for care-recipients to persons with dementia; Poisson model with a random intercept for caregivers.
bEstimates from repeated measures, mixed effects logistic regression model with a random intercept.
cEstimates from repeated measures, mixed effects linear regression model with a random intercept.
dHigher scores on the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) indicate better health status.
eHigher scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression indicate greater depression.
fHigher scores on the Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) indicate better quality of life.