Table 2. Common biomolecular FFs.

Force Fields	Example	Reference
AMBER	FF99SB: Primarily for proteins	[79]
CHARMM	C36: Proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids	[80]
GROMOS	54A7: Proteins and nucleic acids	[81]
OPLS	OPLS-AA: for organic molecules and peptides	[82]
Open FF	Smirnoff99Frosst: Open force field compatible to AMBER	[78]

AMBER, Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement; CHARMM, Chemistry at Harvard Macromolecular Mechanics; FF, force field; GROMOS, GROningen Molecular Simulation; OPLS, Optimized Potentials for Liquid Simulations