Fig 7. IL10 and PGE2 signaling coordinate to inhibit macrophage inflammatory responses.

LPS signaling (blue) leads to production of inflammatory mediators such as TNFα, but also of PGE₂ which will have a net anti-inflammatory effect. IL10 signaling (black) leads to inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory events partly through expression of genes which include EP4. EP4 signaling (red) involves the G_αs-dependent elevation of cAMP levels and subsequent activation and phosphorylation of the CREB transcription factor. pCREB interferes with LPS-induced NFκB transcription, and supports transcription of more IL10. Solid lines indicate protein-protein interactions; dashed lines indicate the production or action of ligands/proteins/second messengers. Abbreviations defined in the text.