Fig 2.

FAMD factor maps obtained from the factor analysis with mixed data approach (FAMD analysis), showing the variance maximizing distribution patterns of the total per hectare economic loss (due to 23 diseases) data points (= 588) in the map space and their clustering patterns based on (A) region and pre- and post-discovery of rust and (B) harvest and yield zones. Diseases = Anthracnose, bacterial blight, brown stem rot, Cercospora leaf blight (purple seed stain), charcoal rot, Diaporthe-Phomopsis, downy mildew, frogeye leaf spot, Fusarium wilt, other diseases, Phytophthora root and stem rot, pod and stem blight, Rhizoctonia aerial blight, root-knot and other nematodes, Sclerotinia stem rot (white mold), seedling diseases, Septoria brown spot, soybean cyst nematode, soybean rust, southern blight, stem canker, sudden death syndrome, and virus diseases; Southern region = Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia; Northern region = Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; Post-discovery of soybean rust = from 2004 to 2016; Pre-discovery of soybean rust = from 1996 to 2003; Yield and harvest zones = represent four levels (zone 1–4) based on the quartiles within a data base containing 588 yield (kg/ha)/harvest area (ha) data points (588 = 21 years × 28 states). Within this data base, data points from the minimum to the first quartile were classified as zone 1. Similarly, data points from the first quartile to median, median to the third quartile, and > third quartile were respectively classified as zones 2, 3, and 4.