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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Heart Rhythm. 2019 Nov 19;17(4):544–552. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.11.017

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Representative neuECG recording from the patients with AF. A, recordings during sinus rhythm from patient B in Figure 2 (a 58 year-old male without other diseases). The SKNA discharges (down arrows) is associated with VR elevation. B and C, recording during AF from patient O in Figure 3 (a 73 year-old male with valvular disease). The SKNA discharges during AF (double headed arrow in B) increased the average VR from 96 bpm to 107 bpm. C shows that in a different time period, there was little VR changes during SKNA discharges (double headed arrow). SKNA = skin sympathetic nerve activity; iSKNA = integrated SKNA; AF = atrial fibrillation; ECG = electrocardiogram; VR = ventricular rate.