. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Heart Rhythm. 2019 Nov 19;17(4):544–552. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.11.017

Table 1.

Multiple regression analysis between VR and clinical parameters

Model	Unstandardized coefficients		Standardized coefficients		t	P-value	VIF
Model	B	SE	Beta		t	P-value	VIF
(Constant)	74.752	28.620		2.61	0.022
aSKNA (μV)	38.443	12.869	0.646	2.99	0.011	1.695
LVEF (%)	0.590	0.206	0.683	2.87	0.013	2.049
Age, years	−0.753	0.277	−0.531	−2.72	0.018	1.385
Beta-blocker	−8.506	6.419	−0.227	−1.33	0.208	1.060
CCB	7.784	5.936	0.247	1.31	0.213	1.289
Male	4.940	6.350	0.165	0.78	0.451	1.621

Because there were no significant differences in clinical characteristics or demographics between patients with paroxysmal AF as compared with patients with persistent AF, all patients were analyzed together as a single group. R² = 0.641, adjusted R² = 0.475. VR = ventricular rate; SE = standard error; VIF = variance inflation factor; aSKNA = average amplitude of skin sympathetic nerve activity; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; CCB = calcium channel blocker.