Table 2.

Prospective models for exposure to workplace bullying at baseline (2011/12) and depressive symptoms at follow-up (2017) by type of perpetrator and severity

	N	Cases	Cases (%)	Self-reported depressive symptoms (PHQ sum ≥ 10)
				Model 0		Model 1		Model 2
				p value*	OR (95% CI)	p value*	OR (95% CI)	p value*	OR (95% CI)
Bullying by co-workers				< 0.001		< 0.001		0.017
No	2026	186	9		1		1		1
Occasional	83	14	17		2.01 (1.11–3.64)		1.82 (1.00–3.32)		1.45 (0.75–2.84)
Severe	63	16	25		3.37 (1.87–6.06)		3.33 (1.83–6.05)		2.50 (1.29–4.85)
Bullying by superiors				< 0.001		< 0.001		0.315
No	1894	170	9		1		1		1
Occasional	177	22	12		1.44 (0.90–2.31)		1.45 (0.90–2.34)		1.10 (0.65–1.85)
Severe	101	24	24		3.16 (1.95–5.13)		3.26 (1.99–5.35)		1.55 (0.88–2.74)
Bullying by either/or				< 0.001		< 0.001		0.085
No	1816	156	9		1		1		1
Occasional	216	29	13		1.65 (1.08–2.52)		1.62 (1.05–2.50)		1.27 (0.80–2.02)
Severe	140	31	22		3.03 (1.97–4.66)		3.06 (1.97–4.75)		1.71 (1.04–2.82)

N = 2172

Model 0: Unadjusted model. Each bullying variable was introduced separately in the model

Model 1: Adjusted for gender, age and socio-economic status. Each bullying variable was introduced separately in the model

Model 2: Adjusted for gender, age, socio-economic status and PHQ at baseline. Each bullying variable was introduced separately in the model

*This p value denotes to what extent the whole categorical bullying variable is associated with self-reported depressive symptoms