Table 3.

Prospective models for exposure to workplace bullying at baseline (2011/12) and physician-diagnosed depression between baseline and follow-up (2017) by type of perpetrator and severity

	N	Cases	Cases (%)	Self-reported physician-diagnosed depression
				Model 0		Model 1		Model 2
				p value*	OR (95% CI)	p value*	OR (95% CI)	p value*	OR (95% CI)
Bullying by co-workers				0.001		0.002		< 0.001
No	2024	166	8		1		1		1
Occasional	82	13	16		2.11 (1.14–3.90)		1.98 (1.06–3.67)		1.60 (0.82–3.13)
Severe	62	12	19		2.69 (1.40–5.14)		2.71 (1.40–5.24)		2.06 (1.01–4.18)
Bullying by superiors				< 0.001		< 0.001		0.255
No	1893	150	8		1		1		1
Occasional	176	22	13		1.66 (1.03–2.67)		1.71 (1.05–2.76)		1.37 (0.82–2.28)
Severe	99	19	19		2.76 (1.63–4.68)		2.86 (1.67–4.89)		1.48 (0.81–2.68)
Bullying by either/or				0.016		< 0.001		0.155
No	1815	140	8		1		1		1
Occasional	215	27	13		1.72 (1.11–2.66)		1.73 (1.11–2.70)		1.41 (0.88–2.25)
Severe	138	24	17		2.52 (1.57–4.04)		2.59 (1.60–4.18)		1.52 (0.89–2.58)

N = 2168

Model 0: Unadjusted model. Each bullying variable was introduced separately in the model

Model 1: Adjusted for gender, age and socio-economic status. Each bullying variable was introduced separately in the model

Model 2: Adjusted for gender, age, socio-economic status and PHQ at baseline. Each bullying variable was introduced separately in the model

*This p value denotes to what extent the whole categorical bullying variable is associated with physician-diagnosed depression