Table 5.

Prospective models for exposure to workplace bullying at baseline (2011/12) and depressive symptoms at follow-up (2017) by type of perpetrator and severity. Participants who changed their jobs were excluded

	N	Cases	Cases (%)	Self-reported depressive symptoms (PHQ sum >=10)
				Model 0		Model 1		Model 2
				p value*	OR (95% CI)	p value*	OR (95% CI)	p value*	OR (95% CI)
Bullying by co-workers				< 0.001		< 0.001		0.009
No	1519	139	9		1		1		1
Occasional	64	11	17		2.06 (1.05–4.04)		1.92 (0.97–3.80)		1.77 (0.85–3.70)
Severe	44	12	27		3.72 (1.88–7.39)		3.54 (1.77–7.11)		2.93 (1.37–6.29)
Bullying by superiors				< 0.001		< 0.001		0.048
No	1450	132	9		1		1		1
Occasional	118	13	11		1.24 (0.68–2.26)		1.22 (0.66–2.24)		0.97 (0.50–1.87)
Severe	59	17	29		4.04 (2.24–7.30)		3.92 (2.15–7.15)		2.33 (1.18–4.60)
Bullying by either/or				< 0.001		< 0.001		0.025
No	1389	121	9		1		1		1
Occasional	148	19	13		1.54 (0.92–2.59)		1.49 (0.88–2.51)		1.24 (0.71–2.17)
Severe	90	22	24		3.39 (2.02–5.68)		3.28 (1.94–5.54)		2.22 (1.24–3.98)

N = 1627

Model 0: Unadjusted model. Each bullying variable was introduced separately in the model

Model 1: Adjusted for gender, age and socio-economic status. Each bullying variable was introduced separately in the model

Model 2: Adjusted for gender, age, socio-economic status and PHQ at baseline. Each bullying variable was introduced separately in the model

*This p value denotes to what extent the whole categorical bullying variable is associated with self-reported depressive symptoms