Table 4.

Comparison results of ozone simulations in HCMC with other studies.

Studies	Conducted period	EI method	Model	Prevailing wind direction	Plume direction	Maximum concentration
(Nghiem, 2009)24	Three days in Jan 2005	Top-down approach, data were collected from satellite image (MODIS) in 2005	CMAQ-MM5	Northerly	Southwest	50 ppb
(Dung, 2009)10	Two days in Jan 2006	Top-down and bottom-up approach, data were calculated for on-road, industrial, and domestic sources	FVM-TAPOM	Northerly	Southwest	75 ppb
(Bang, 2011)11	Three days in Feb 2006	Top-down and bottom-up approach, data were calculated for on-road, industrial, and domestic sources	FVM-TAPOM	Easterly	Northern and Northwestern	150 ppb
(Bang, 2018)15	Entire one-month period in Jan 2015	Top-down and bottom-up approach, data were calculated for traffic, industrial, household, and biogenic sources	TAPM-CTM	Northerly	Southwest	65 ppb
This study	Entire 1-year period in 2017, the maximum concentration occurred in Dec 2017	Top-down and bottom-up approach, data were calculated for line source (including on-road and non-road such as airport, seaport, and bus station; area sources including household, restaurants, gas station, etc.; point sources and biogenic sources	TAPM-CTM	Northerly	Southwest	110 ppb