Table 7.
Confusion matrix and descriptive statistics of the three quantitative and four qualitative PAs/PANOs classes based on the results of the two canonical discriminating analyses (CDA).
| Predicted | Quantitative classes |
Predicted | Qualitative Classes |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual |
Actual |
||||||||
| Absence | Compliant | Non-compliant | Absence | LSH-type | LS-type | L-type | S-type | ||
| Absence | 8 | 3 | 2 | Absence | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Compliant | 2 | 8 | 10 | LSH-type | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Non-compliant | 0 | 2 | 9 | LS-type | 2 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 0 |
| L-type | 0 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 0 | ||||
| S-type | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | ||||
| Total | 10 | 13 | 21 | Total | 10 | 3 | 9 | 18 | 3 |
| TP | 8 | 8 | 9 | TP | 8 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 3 |
| TN | 29 | 19 | 21 | TN | 32 | 40 | 29 | 24 | 39 |
| FP | 5 | 12 | 2 | FP | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| FN | 2 | 5 | 12 | FN | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| Sensitivity | 0.80 | 0.62 | 0.43 | Sensitivity | 0.80 | 1.00 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 1.00 |
| Specificity | 0.85 | 0.61 | 0.91 | Specificity | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.96 | 0.98 |
| Accuracy | 0.84 | 0.61 | 0.68 | Accuracy | 0.93 | 1.00 | 0.84 | 0.88 | 0.98 |
| Precision | 0.62 | 0.40 | 0.82 | Precision | 0.89 | 1.00 | 0.58 | 0.93 | 0.75 |
| MCC | 0.62 | 0.33 | 0.42 | MCC | 0.80 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.76 | 0.86 |
Quantitative classes: Absence, PAs/PANOs < 0.4 μg kg−1; Compliant, 0.4 ≤ PAs/PANOs < 84 μg kg−1; PAs/PANOs ≥ 84 μg kg−1; Qualitative classes: Absence, without the 17 monitored PAs/PANOs; L-type, lycopsamine-type; S-type, senecionine-type; LS-type, lycopsamine-senecionine-type; LSH-type, lycopsamine-senecionine-heliotrine-type; TP, true positive; TN, true negative; FP, false positive; FN, false negative; MCC, Matthews correlation coefficient. Bold values represent the samples classified correctly.