Table 3.

Determinants of physical or psychological violence: crude and logistic regression adjusted estimates of odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% Confidence intervals (95% CI).

	Violence during pregnancy
	Physical* OR (95%CI)		Psychological** OR (95%CI)
	Crude	Adjusted1	Crude	Adjusted1
Maternal age (years)
13-19	1	1	1	1
20-24	0.71 (0.35, 1,43)	0.77 (0.30, 2.00)	2.30 (1.05, 5.05)	2.55 (1.03, 6.35)
25-29	0.42 (0.19, 0.93)	0.36 (0.11, 1.14)	1.33 (0.57, 3.10)	1.56 (0.54, 4.47)
≥30	0.24 (0.10, 0.58)	0.21 (0.06, 0.73)	1.59 (0.73, 3.48)	2.06 (0.74, 5.76)
Education (years)
0-4	1	1	1	1
5-8	0.57 (0.27, 1.20)	0.47 (0.20, 1.13)	0.62 (0.31, 1.25)	0.71 (0.33, 1.54)
9-12	0.49 (0.23, 1.03)	0.38 (0.15, 0.99)	0.90 (0.47, 1.74)	1.03 (0.48, 2.20)
≥13	0.20 (0.04, 0.92)	0.27 (0.05, 1.40)	0.66 (0.26, 1.70)	0.68 (0.24, 1.92)
Marital status
Married (or in cohabitation)	0.71 (0.38, 1.32)	1.21 (0.51, 2.85)	0.72 (0.43, 1.21)	0.46 (0.23, 0.90)
Single	1	1	1	1
Place of Residence
Urban	0.73 (0.42, 1.29)	0.69 (0.35, 1.34)	0.88 (0.55, 1.40)	0.78 (0.47, 1.29)
Periurban	1	1	1	1
Monthly Family Income (US$)
≤300	1	1	1	1
>300	0.99 (0.47, 2.09)	0.83 (0.36, 1.91)	1.16 (0.67, 2.01)	1.10 (0.62, 1.96)
Do not know/do not say	1.05 (0.54, 2.05)	0.67 (0.29, 1.49)	0.62 (0.35, 1.12)	0.53 (0.27, 1.02)
Alcohol consumption
No	1	1	1	1
Yes	3.31 (1.85, 5.93)	3.25 (1.16, 6.55)	1.49 (0.85, 2.60)	1.52 (0.85, 2.73)
1st sexual intercourse (years)
<15	2.49 (1.20, 5.20)	1.39 (0.59, 3.30)	1.83 (0.95, 3.55)	2.39 (1.16, 4.92)
≥15	1	1	1	1
Previous pregnancies
No	1	1	1	1
Yes	0.52 (0.29, 0.92)	0.74 (0.30, 1.81)	1.09 (0.64, 1.85)	1.15 (0.56, 2.39)
Pseudo R2		11%		6%
Hosmer and Lemeshow test		p=0.218		p=0.166

^*Physical violence includes women reporting physical abuse-only or any combination of physical, sexual and psychological abuse

^**Psychological violence includes women reporting only psychological abuse. 1Adjusted for all the covariates.