Table 1.

Spectrum of disease, accepted terminology, and etiology of the common upper respiratory tract infections in children

Condition	Related Diagnoses	Etiology
Rhinosinusitis	Common cold, nasopharyngitis, infective rhinitis, acute rhinosinusitis, acute sinusitis, chronic sinusitis	Viral: rhinovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, parainfluenza, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus Bacterial: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes
Pharyngitis	Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, recurrent tonsillitis	Viral: adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parainfluenza, influenza Bacterial: Streptococcus pyogenes, Group C and G Streptococci, Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Otitis media	Acute otitis media without perforation, acute otitis media with perforation, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media.	Viral: respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, enterovirus, parainfluenza, metapneumovirus Bacterial: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes