Table 1. Escherichia coli isolates from wild mammals and their susceptibility to antimicrobials.
| Animals | Sampling place | Number of |
%Resistance |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animals | Isolates | Resistance | (%) | AMP | CFZ | CTX | MEM | GEN | KAN | TET | NAL | CIP | CST | CHL | SXT | ||
| (32)a) | (32) | (4) | (2) | (16) | (64) | (16) | (32) | (2) | (4) | (32) | (76/4) | ||||||
| Sika deer | |||||||||||||||||
| Mountain area in Hokkaido, Shizuoka, Gifu, Yamaguchi, Kagoshima | 191 | 327 | 15 | (4.6) | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0 | 0.6 | |
| Miyajima | 37 | 102 | 5 | (4.9) | 2.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 | 0 | 0 | 2.9 | 0 | 2.0 | |
| Nara park | 36 | 96 | 11 | (11.5) | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11.5 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Subtotal | 242 | 525 | 31 | (5.9) | 0.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 4.4 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 0 | 0.8 | |
| Wild boars | |||||||||||||||||
| Mountain area in Tochigi, Ishikawa, Gifu, Yamaguchi, Kagoshima | 112 | 224 | 18 | (8.0) | 3.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 0 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 0.9 | |
| Small mammals | |||||||||||||||||
| Animal facilities in Gifu and Hokkaido | 58 | 106 | 30 | (28.3) | 23.6 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 0 | 2.8 | 5.7 | 17.9 | 11.3 | 0.0 | 3.8 | 1.9 | 18.9 | |
| Urban area | 33 | 43 | 6 | (14.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6.4 | |
| Mountain area in Gifu, Nagano and Kagoshima | 26 | 50 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Subtotal | 113 | 199 | 36 | (18.1) | 12.6 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0 | 1.5 | 3.0 | 12.6 | 6.0 | 0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 11.6 | |
| Japanese badger | |||||||||||||||||
| Countrysideb) in Kagoshima | 4 | 10 | 4 | (40.0) | 10.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 0 | 0 | 10.0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Tokara cows | |||||||||||||||||
| Mountain area in Kuchinoshima island, Kagoshima | 2 | 3 | 2 | (66.7) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | 33.3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Amami rabbits | |||||||||||||||||
| Mountain area in Amami-Oshima island, Kagoshima | 2 | 2 | 1 | (50.0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 50.0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 475 | 963 | 92 | (9.6) | 17.8 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0 | 2.3 | 6.5 | 28.0 | 7.9 | 0.5 | 8.4 | 2.8 | 13.6 | |
AMP, ampicillin; CFZ, cefazolin; CTX, cefotaxime; MEM, meropenem; GEN, gentamycin; KAN, kanamycin; TET, tetracycline; NAL, nalidixic acid; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CST, colistin; CHL, chloramphenicol; SXT, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. a) Breakpoints. b) The area combines house, field, and forest animals.