Figure 5.

RANKL, OPG, and ALP Gene Expression Levels 24 Hours After Nd:YAG Laser Irradiation and Centrifugal Force.

Cont: Control group not treated with Nd: YAG laser irradiation and centrifugal force loading.

L: Experiment group irradiated with an Nd: YAG laser at an output of 2.0 W. CF: Experimental group subjected to centrifugal force as a mechanical stress. L+CF: Experimental group in which centrifugal force was applied as a mechanical stress and Nd: YAG laser irradiation was performed at an output of 2.0 W.

**P < 0.01, *P < 0.05 vs. control; n=3. ##P < 0.01 vs. CF; n=3.

The graphs show the fold-increase in the expression of the RANKL, OPG, and ALP genes 24 hours after Nd: YAG laser irradiation and centrifugal force loading.

The RANKL/OPG ratio was higher in the laser irradiation/centrifugal force loading group compared to the other groups.