Table 1.

Some monitoring and prediction functions of Integrated Urban Services.

Monitoring and prediction for physical & environmental impacts
Severe weather/climate hazards, including: •Convective weather (e.g. thunderstorms, tornadoes, squall lines, etc.) •Tropical cyclones and extra-tropical storms •Heat and cold waves •Flash flood and landslide •River and lake flooding •Drought •Coastal inundation (including storm surges and swell) •Sand and dust storms
Other hazards, including: •Wild fires •Air and water pollutions (including chemical and other harmful matter dispersion events and pollen and other aerobiological allergens) •Harmful UV radiation •Changes in soils (e.g. shrinkage-swelling of clay soils) •Earthquakes and volcanic ash •Urban ventilation
Climate change, including extreme temperatures and precipitation as well as sea level rise

Societal impact predictions
Disruptions to key functions such as transportations, telecommunications and energy distribution
Water resources (including water supply and quality)
Availability, planning and support for renewable energy (e.g. solar power and wind energy)
Urban planning and infrastructure design
Human health and ecology
Food supply and security
Climate change mitigation and adaptation measures