Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia With Pancreatic Injury
| Variable | Patients with COVID-19 with pancreatic injury |
Patients with COVID-19 without pancreatic injury (N = 43) | P value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 | Patient 5 | Patient 6 | Patient 7 | Patient 8 | Patient 9 | Overall | |||
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 25 | 55 | 62 | 65 | 66 | 71 | 36 | 56 | 62 | 55 ± 15 | 52 ± 18 | .633 |
| Male, n (%) | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | 6 (67) | 18 (42) | .181 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Hypertension | N | Y | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | 3 (33) | 7 (16) | .246 |
| Diabetes | Y | N | Y | N | Y | N | N | N | N | 3 (33) | 7 (16) | .246 |
| Heart | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | 1 (11) | 2 (5) | .460 |
| Cerebrovascular | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | .519 |
| Respiratory | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | .652 |
| Chief complaints on admission, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Fever | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | 8 (89) | 26 (60) | .107 |
| Chest distress/breath shortness | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 4 (44) | 7 (16) | .062 |
| Cough | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | N | N | Y | 3 (33) | 10 (23) | .535 |
| Fatigue | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | 1 (11) | 9 (21) | .506 |
| Anorexia | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | .027 |
| Diarrhea | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | 1 (11) | 0 (0) | .027 |
| Headache | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | .652 |
| Severe illness on admission, n (%) | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | 4 (44) | 6 (14) | .035 |
| Blood cytology | ||||||||||||
| Leukocytes (3.5∼9.5 × 109/L) | 5.31 | 6.29 | 4.86 | 8.03 | 10.7 | 4.94 | 4.11 | 8.54 | 2.77 | 6.17 ± 2.48 | 5.21 ± 3.33 | .421 |
| Neutrophils (1.8∼6.3 × 109/L) | 4.34 | 4.61 | 3.86 | 7.24 | 10.16 | 3.81 | 3.41 | 6.82 | 1.58 | 5.09 ± 2.56 | 3.76 ± 3.38 | .276 |
| Monocytes (0.1∼0.6 × 109/L) | 0.34 | 0.79 | 0.28 | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.37 | 0.10 | 0.76 | 0.26 | 0.39 ± 0.23 | 0.41 ± 0.17 | .841 |
| Platelets (125∼350 × 109/L) | 219 | 248 | 112 | 279 | 179 | 74 | 209 | 220 | 134 | 186 ± 67 | 198 ± 87 | .701 |
| Lymphocytes (1.1∼3.2 × 109/L) | 0.62 | 0.87 | 0.71 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.76 | 0.59 | 0.95 | 0.90 | 0.67 ± 0.23 | 0.94 ± 0.49 | .119 |
| CD3+ T cell (805–4459/μL) | 300 | — | 292 | — | 184 | 562 | 362 | 129 | 542 | 339 ± 165 | 948 ± 686 | .027 |
| CD4+ T cell (345∼2350/μL) | 108 | — | 114 | — | 86 | 304 | 103 | 81 | 236 | 147 ± 87 | 503 ± 367 | .016 |
| CD8+ T cell (345∼2350/μL) | 189 | — | 170 | — | 96 | 239 | 223 | 45 | 277 | 177 ± 82 | 397 ± 380 | .138 |
| CD4/CD8 ratio (0.96∼2.05) | 0.57 | — | 0.67 | — | 0.90 | 1.27 | 0.46 | 1.78 | 0.85 | 0.93 ± 0.46 | 1.68 ± 1.07 | .078 |
| CD19+ B cell (240∼1317/μL) | 154 | — | 79 | — | 146 | 38 | 88 | 49 | 51 | 86 ± 47 | 147 ± 85 | .078 |
| CD16+CD56+ NK cell (210∼1514/μL) | 322 | — | 609 | — | 136 | 142 | 240 | 8 | 12 | 210 ± 209 | 210 ± 148 | .994 |
| Blood biochemistry, mean ± SD | ||||||||||||
| ALT (9∼50 U/L) | 175 | 54 | 47 | 48 | 55 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 23 | 49 ± 51 | 30 ± 32 | .167 |
| AST (15∼40 U/L) | 90 | 69 | 82 | 55 | 71 | 29 | 19 | 16 | 33 | 52 ± 28 | 29 ± 15 | .001 |
| ALB (40∼55 g/L) | 43.9 | 37 | 38.9 | 36.6 | 34.4 | 36.1 | 43 | 29.4 | 32.5 | 36.9 ± 4.6 | 36.7 ± 5.0 | .943 |
| GLB (20∼30 g/L) | 32.1 | 35.3 | 37.6 | 36.3 | 28.8 | 29.0 | 29.7 | 27.3 | 28.7 | 31.6 ± 3.8 | 30.0 ± 6.9 | .499 |
| GGT (8∼57 U/L) | 154 | 63 | 75 | 123 | 51 | 54 | 13 | 13 | 20 | 63 ± 49 | 31 ± 19 | .003 |
| ALP (30∼120 U/L) | 74 | 84 | 76 | 106 | 85 | 52 | 63 | 87 | 65 | 77 ± 16 | 74 ± 30 | .794 |
| Creatinine (64∼104 μmol/L) | 89.3 | 130.9 | 158.7 | 106.4 | 73.7 | 68.9 | 59.0 | 109.2 | 57.8 | 94.9 ± 34.5 | 61.6 ± 17.6 | .000 |
| Glucose (3.9∼6.1 mmol/L) | 15.26 | 6.90 | 9.49 | 8.42 | 13.78 | 5.44 | 8.85 | 4.91 | 5.63 | 8.74 ± 3.66 | 11.11 ± 24.81 | .779 |
| LDH (125∼243 U/L) | 292 | 435 | 646 | 94 | 533 | 186 | 207 | 192 | 281 | 318 ± 182 | 219 ± 81 | .019 |
| Creatinine kinase (<171 U/L) | 472 | 297 | 253 | 654 | 195 | 191 | 69 | 20 | 125 | 253 ± 201 | 120 ± 206 | .093 |
| D-dimer (0∼500 ng/mL) | 233 | 261 | 410 | 382 | 633 | 395 | 147 | — | 251 | 339 ± 150 | 889 ± 1757 | .385 |
| Amylase (0∼90 U/L) | 84 | 107 | 113 | 109 | 149 | 136 | 100 | 151 | 86 | 115 ± 25 | 52 ± 18 | .001 |
| Lipase (0∼70 U/L) | 83 | 47 | 45 | 112 | 124 | 21 | 45 | 85 | 77 | 71 ± 34 | 31 ± 13 | .001 |
| Blood inflammatory indicators, mean ± SD | ||||||||||||
| CRP (0∼10 mg/L) | 10.0 | 98.0 | 137.3 | 161.1 | 104.5 | 11.4 | 20.0 | 2.3 | 15.0 | 62.2 ± 62.6 | 35.5 ± 47.0 | .162 |
| ESR (0∼15 mm/h) | 8 | 93 | 56 | 82 | 62 | — | 34 | — | 19 | 51 ± 32 | 25 ± 23 | .016 |
| IL-6 (0.1∼2.9 pg/mL) | 18.89 | — | 21.44 | — | 19.90 | 54.68 | 2.54 | 7.06 | 35.03 | 22.79 ± 17.56 | 19.76 ± 24.07 | .756 |
| Hospitalized treatment, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Corticosteroid | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | 7 (78) | 18 (42) | .051 |
| Mechanical ventilation | N | N | N | Y | N | N | N | N | N | 1 (11) | 3 (7) | .679 |
| Virus negative conversion time, d, mean ± SDa | 40 | 20 | 13 | 17 | 21 | 25 | 19 | 21 | 18 | 22 ± 8 | 17 ± 8 | .090 |
ALB, albumin; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GGT, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase; GLB, globulin; IL, interleukin; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; N, no; NK, natural killer; SD, standard error; Y, yes.
a
The interval between symptom onset and the first of 2 consecutive negative virus test results.