Table 2.

Symptom severity^a at presentation in patients consulting in primary care with a detected virus or no detected virus (n = 2957)

	Mean (SD) symptom score at presentation	Unadjusted difference between groups (95% CI)	Adjusted difference between groups (95% CI)b
No virus(es) (n = 1603)	2.02 (0.49)	(Ref)	(Ref)
≥1 virus(es) (n = 1354)	2.18 (0.52)	0.17 (0.13–0.20)	0.13 (0.10–0.17)
No virus(es) (n = 1603)	2.02 (0.49)	(Ref)	(Ref)
1 virus (n = 1297)	2.18 (0.51)	0.16 (0.13–0.20)	0.13 (0.09–0.16)
2 viruses (n = 57)	2.27 (0.54)	0.13 (0.06–0.19)	0.22 (0.09–0.35)
CoV (n = 205)c	2.15 (0.48)	0.10 (0.03–0.18)	0.09 (0.02–0.16)d
hMPV (n = 121)c	2.18 (0.52)	0.16 (0.06–0.25)	0.16 (0.07–0.26)d
Influenza virus (n = 297)c	2.32 (0.55)	0.30 (0.23–0.36)	0.25 (0.19–0.31)d
PiV (n = 73)c	2.13 (0.51)	0.10 (-0.01 to 0.22)	0.07 (-0.04 to 0.19)d
Rhinovirus (n = 572)c	2.15 (0.50)	0.12 (0.07–0.16)	0.07 (0.02–0.12)d
RSV (n = 143)c	2.17 (0.53)	0.14 (0.05–0.22)	0.12 (0.04–0.21)d

CI, confidence interval; CoV, coronavirus; hMPV, human metapneumovirus; Piv, parainfluenza; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; SD, standard deviation.

^aCalculated as the mean (SD) symptom severity score for all 12 symptoms at presentation.

^bEstimates controlled for age, gender, pulmonary comorbidities (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other lung diseases), hearth failure, current smoking, influenza vaccination during the preceding fall or winter, coinfection with at least one respiratory bacterium or with Aspergillus and duration of symptoms before presentation.

^cReference group is no CoV, hMPV, influenza virus, PiV, rhinovirus or RSV, respectively.

^dBy including all six viruses in the model, estimates were additionally controlled for coinfection with another respiratory virus.