Table 2.
Descriptive characteristics, univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis of three pooled cross-sectional studies on the ESBL-E/K prevalence in the general Dutch population
| Determinant | Total number (n = 5983) | Number of ESBL-E/K-positive (n = 260) | Prevalence | Univariate pooled odds ratio | Adjusted pooled odds ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | % | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
| Age group | |||||
| 18–<30 years | 340 (5.7) | 13 (5.0) | 3.8 | ||
| 30–<40 years | 502 (8.4) | 19 (7.3) | 3.8 | ||
| 40–<50 years | 966 (16.1) | 32 (12.2) | 3.3 | ||
| 50–<60 years | 1490 (24.9) | 70 (26.9) | 4.7 | ||
| 60–<70 years | 1814 (30.3) | 87 (33.2) | 4.8 | ||
| 70 years and older | 871 (14.6) | 39 (15.0) | 4.5 | ||
| Age (per year increase) | 1.01 (1.00–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | |||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 2628 (43.9) | 124 (47.3) | 4.7 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 3355 (56.1) | 136 (52.3) | 4.1 | 0.85 (0.67–1.09) | 0.90 (0.69–1.16) |
| Antibiotic use during last 6 months | |||||
| No | 5531 (92.5) | 240 (92.3) | 4.3 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 452 (7.6) | 20 (7.7) | 4.4 | 1.02 (0.64–1.63) | 1.04 (0.65–1.66) |
| Travel during last 6–12 monthsa | |||||
| No travel or travel to Western/Northern Europe, North America, Australia or New Zealand | 3742 (62.5) | 131 (50.4) | 3.5 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Travel to Southern/Eastern Europe | 1504 (25.1) | 60 (23.1) | 4.0 | 1.15 (0.84–1.56) | 1.17 (0.86–1.60) |
| Travel to Africa, Asia or Latin America | 737 (12.3) | 69 (26.3) | 9.4 | 2.85 (2.10–3.86) | 2.95 (2.18–4.01) |
| Month | |||||
| January | 603 (10.1) | 21 (8.1) | 3.5 | Ref. | Ref. |
| February | 486 (8.1) | 20 (7.7) | 4.1 | 1.19 (0.64–2.22) | 1.12 (0.60–2.10) |
| March | 540 (9.0) | 14 (5.4) | 2.6 | 0.74 (0.37–1.47) | 0.70 (0.35–1.39) |
| April | 513 (8.6) | 21 (8.1) | 4.1 | 1.18 (0.64–2.19) | 1.17 (0.63–2.17) |
| May | 532 (8.9) | 21 (8.1) | 4.0 | 1.14 (0.62–2.11) | 1.14 (0.61–2.11) |
| June | 602 (10.1) | 23 (8.9) | 3.8 | 1.10 (0.60–2.01) | 1.07 (0.58–1.96) |
| July | 203 (3.4) | 10 (3.9) | 4.9 | 1.44 (0.67–3.10) | 1.42 (0.65–3.07) |
| August | 343 (5.7) | 22 (8.5) | 6.4 | 1.90 (1.03–3.51) | 1.88 (1.02–3.49) |
| September | 512 (8.6) | 38 (14.6) | 7.4 | 2.22 (1.29–3.84) | 2.25 (1.30–3.89) |
| October | 599 (10.0) | 28 (10.8) | 4.7 | 1.36 (0.76–2.42) | 1.29 (0.72–2.30) |
| November | 672 (11.2) | 24 (9.2) | 3.6 | 1.03 (0.57–1.86) | 1.04 (0.57–1.89) |
| December | 378 (6.3) | 18 (6.9) | 4.8 | 1.39 (0.73–2.64) | 1.34 (0.70–2.55) |
a
Depending on the study.