Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics in the total rCDI cohort and in the rCDI matched cohort
| Total cohort | Matched cohort |
P valuea Matched cohort |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-rCDI | rCDI | Non-rCDI | rCDI | ||
| N patient | 10 189 | 1343 | 1091 | 1305 | – |
| N hospitalisation | 10 464 | 1359 | 1096 | 1320 | – |
| Age at admission (years) | |||||
| Median (IQR) | 80 (71–87) | 82 (74–87) | 82 (74–88) | 82 (74–87) | 0.505 |
| <60, n (%) | 964 (9.2) | 68 (5.0) | 73 (5.5) | 65 (4.9) | 0.002 |
| 60–69, n (%) | 1427 (13.6) | 166 (12.2) | 145 (11.0) | 165 (12.5) | |
| 70–79, n (%) | 2535 (24.2) | 320 (23.5) | 297 (22.5) | 311 (23.6) | |
| 80–89, n (%) | 4109 (39.3) | 603 (44.4) | 564 (42.7) | 580 (43.9) | |
| 90+, n (%) | 1429 (13.7) | 202 (14.9) | 241 (18.3) | 199 (15.1) | |
| Male, n (%) | 5579 (53.3) | 715 (52.6) | 652 (49.4) | 692 (52.4) | 0.120 |
| Charlson comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Myocardial infarction | 445 (4.3) | 57 (4.2) | 49 (3.7) | 56 (4.2) | 0.486 |
| Congestive heart failure | 2837 (27.1) | 443 (32.6) | 429 (32.5) | 431 (32.7) | 0.934 |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 834 (8.0) | 135 (9.9) | 131 (9.9) | 133 (10.1) | 0.897 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2668 (25.5) | 446 (32.8) | 430 (32.6) | 428 (32.4) | 0.934 |
| Dementia | 1505 (14.4) | 219 (16.1) | 220 (16.7) | 216 (16.4) | 0.834 |
| Chronic pulmonary disorders | 1761 (16.8) | 237 (17.4) | 242 (18.3) | 229 (17.3) | 0.509 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 436 (4.2) | 51 (3.8) | 51 (3.9) | 49 (3.7) | 0.839 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 2446 (23.4) | 312 (23.0) | 296 (22.4) | 298 (22.6) | 0.926 |
| Mild liver diseaseb | 1127 (10.8) | 167 (12.3) | 147 (11.1) | 159 (12.0) | 0.466 |
| Diabetes, uncomplicatedc | 2236 (21.4) | 306 (22.5) | 290 (22.0) | 298 (22.6) | 0.708 |
| Diabetes, complicatedc | 736 (7.0) | 116 (8.5) | 127 (9.6) | 112 (8.5) | 0.309 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 218 (2.1) | 46 (3.4) | 52 (3.9) | 44 (3.3) | 0.406 |
| Renal disease | 1480 (14.1) | 218 (16.0) | 223 (16.9) | 211 (16.0) | 0.529 |
| Any malignancyd,e | 3054 (29.2) | 360 (26.5) | 351 (26.6) | 348 (26.4) | 0.895 |
| Moderate or severe liver diseaseb | 229 (2.2) | 23 (1.7) | 39 (3.0) | 22 (1.7) | 0.028 |
| Metastatic solid tumord | 842 (8.0) | 83 (6.1) | 69 (5.2) | 82 (6.2) | 0.276 |
| AIDS/HIV | 11 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | N/A |
| Median (IQR), Charlson comorbidity index score | 3 (1, 4) | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (1.75, 5) | 3 (2, 4) | 0.754 |
| CDI treatment, n (%) | |||||
| MNZ (oral) | 5278 (50.4) | 653 (48.1) | 638 (48.3) | 639 (48.4) | 0.969 |
| MNZ (IV) | 132 (1.3) | 13 (1.0) | 13 (1.0) | 13 (1.0) | 1 |
| VCM (oral) | 4373 (41.8) | 602 (44.3) | 572 (43.3) | 580 (43.9) | 0.754 |
| Multiple (MNZ and VCM) | 681 (6.5) | 91 (6.7) | 97 (7.3) | 88 (6.7) | 0.493 |
| Non-CDI treatmentf, n (%) | |||||
| Injectable antibiotics | 9805 (93.7) | 1338 (98.5) | 1277 (96.7) | 1268 (96.1) | 0.347 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 6174 (59.0) | 910 (67.0) | 853 (64.6) | 814 (61.7) | 0.116 |
| H2 blockers | 3151 (30.1) | 481 (35.4) | 417 (31.6) | 402 (30.5) | 0.528 |
| Chemotherapies | 1136 (10.9) | 174 (12.8) | 161 (12.2) | 160 (12.1) | 0.953 |
| Abdominal surgeryf, n (%) | 2302 (22.0) | 332 (24.4) | 273 (20.7) | 264 (20.0) | 0.664 |
| With prior hospitalisationg, n (%) | 3653 (34.9) | 430 (31.6) | 418 (31.7) | 420 (31.8) | 0.933 |
| Prior CDI historyg, n (%) | 303 (2.9) | 43 (3.2) | 37 (2.8) | 41 (3.1) | 0.646 |
| ICU admissionf, n (%) | 738 (7.1) | 102 (7.5) | 107 (8.1) | 95 (7.2) | 0.380 |
CDI, Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection; rCDI, recurrent CDI; IQR, interquartile range; MNZ, metronidazole; IV, intravenous; ICU, intensive care unit.
a
Variables and χ2 tests for binary or categorical variables.
b,c,d
Mutually exclusive.
e
Including lymphoma and leukemia except malignant neoplasm of skin.
f
During the stay.
g
Months before admission.