Table 1. Study Characteristics.
| First Author, Year of Publication | Country | Number of Subjects | Design | Operation | Modified Downs and Black Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sakowska, 2009 (26) | New Zealand | 161 | Retrospective cohort study | Hepatobiliary surgery | 21/27 |
| Roy, 2006 (31) | Canada | 40 | RCT | Liver resection | 26/27 |
| Kasivisvanathan, 2014 (36) | UK | 73 | Prospective cohort study | Liver resection | 22/27 |
| Koea, 2009 (34) | New Zealand | 100 | Retrospective cohort study | Liver resection | 21/27 |
| De Pietri, 2006 (30) | Italy | 50 | RCT | Liver resection | 24/27 |
| Devys, 2003 (29) | France | 60 | RCT | Major abdominal surgery | 26/27 |
| Ko, 2009 (33) | South Korea | 40 | RCT | Donor right hepatectomy | 22/27 |
| Lee, 2013 (35) | South Korea | 45 | RCT | Donor right hepatectomy | 26/27 |
| Dichtwald, 2017 (37) | Iran | 49 | RCT | Liver or pancreas resection | 23/27 |
| Duncan, 2007 (32) | Australia | 45 | Prospective cohort study | Major abdominal surgery | 16/27 |