. 2004 Dec 2;131(6):S1–S62. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2004.09.067

Table 3.

Chronic rhinosinusitis in children

Author	Criteria	No.	Age (y)	Sterilization	Quantitation	Off antibiotics	Microbiology
Brook, 1981³⁹	≥21 d	40	6–16	Yes	No	Yes	• 37/40 = +cx
							• Anaerobes in all (GPC, GPR, GNR)
							• Aerobes in 38% (GPC)
Otten and Grote, 1988⁴¹	≥90 (purulent d/c)	141	3–10	NA	NA	NA	• 70% +cx: Usual acute flora
Tinkleman and Silk, 1989⁴⁶	≥30 d	35	0.9–16	Yes	Yes	No	• 63% +cx: Usual acute flora
Muntz and Lusk, 1991⁴⁵	NA	105	0.7–17	NA	No (mucosa)	No	• Contaminants: majority
							• Acute agents ∼ minority
							• Bx of ethmoid cultured
Orobello et al, 1991^*⁴³	≥42 d (or recurrent)	39	1.2–19	Yes	Semi (irrigation)	No	• Contaminants: majority
	≥42 d (or recurrent)				Semi (irrigation)				• Usual acute flora: very light density
Otten, 1994^*⁴²	≥90 d (purulent d/c)	79	2–12	NA	No	Yes	• Usual pathogens
Brook et al, 2000^*⁴⁰	≥90 d (purulent)	32	4–11	Yes	No (irrigation)	Yes	• Usual pathogens and anaerobes
Slack et al, 2000⁴⁷	≥56 d	119	0.8–14.5	No	No (irrigation)	No	• Usual pathogens
					No (irrigation)			• Occasional contaminants
Don et al, 2001⁴⁴	≥90 d	70	0.9–15	Yes	No (irrigation)	No	• Usual pathogens (60%)
					No (irrigation)			• Contaminants

Contaminants: CNS, α-strep, and coagulase-positive staphylococci.

+cx, Positive culture; GPC, gram-positive cocci; GPR, gram-positive rods; GNR, gram-negative rods; d/c, discharge; NA, not available; Bx, biopsy.

Prospective.