Table 3.

Key features of typhoid fever in Thucydides' description

Features present	Features not present
Fever	Rapid onset
Diarrhea	Red eyes
Rash (rose spots)	Runny nose, sneezing
	Red throat, hoarseness
	Foul breath
	Retching, convulsions
	Sensation of intense internal heat
	Livid red rash
	Sleeplessness
	Extremity gangrene
	Blisters, sores
	Death from intestinal perforation or hemorrhage in 2 to 3 weeks

Adapted from Page DL. Thucydides' description of the great plague of Athens. Classic Q 1953;3:97–119.