Table IV.
Examples of Overlap between Antibody and Receptor-Binding Sites in Viruses
| Viral system | Main observations |
|---|---|
| Adenoviridae | |
| Adenovirus | Synthetic peptides representing fiber knob of Ad-3 present cell receptor-binding sites and antigenic epitopes (Liebermann et al., 1998) |
| Coronaviridae | |
| Murine coronavirus | Mab recognized epitopes involved in the binding of virions to cellular receptors (Kubo 1993, Kubo 1994) |
| Flaviviridae | |
| BVDV | Anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking viral antigens bind to cellular receptors (Xue 1993, Minocha 1997) |
| Dengue virus | Amino acid residues critical for mouse neurovirulence are involved in antibody binding (Hiramatsu et al., 1996) |
| Yellow fever virus | Amino acid residues critical for virus neurotropism are involved in antibody binding (Jennings et al., 1994) |
| Hepadnaviridae | |
| Duck hepatitis B virus | Residues critical for virus neutralization are involved in the interaction with cells (Tong 1995, Li 1996, Sunyach 1999) |
| Hepatitis B virus | Anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking viral antigens bind to cellular receptors (Petit 1992, Hertogs 1994, Budkowska 1995) |
| Anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking cellular structures bind to small hepatitis B surface antigen (Neurath et al., 1986) | |
| A synthetic peptide analogue is recognized by both cell receptors and anti-HBV antibodies (Neurath et al., 1986) | |
| Herpesviridae | |
| BHV-1 | Anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking viral antigens bind to cellular receptors (Thaker 1994, Varthakavi 1996) |
| HCMV | Anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking viral antigens bind to cellular receptors (Keay 1989, Keay 1991) |
| HSV | Anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking viral antigens bind to cellular receptors (Huang and Campadelli-Fiume, 1996) |
| Overlap between major neutralizing antigenic site and a receptor-binding domain of gD (Whitbeck et al., 1999) | |
| Orthomyxoviridae | |
| Influenza virus | Amino acid residues within the sialic acid-binding pocket of virus hemagglutinin are accessible to neutralizing antibodies (Stewart and Nemerow, 1997) |
| Antigenic and hemagglutinin variants selected upon egg adaptation (Robertson et al., 1987) | |
| Low-affinity neutralizing antibody response selected for receptor-binding variants of influenza virus HA (Laeeq et al., 1997) | |
| Amino acid changes at residues involved in antibody binding can modulate the hemagglutinating activity of influenza C virus (Matsuzaki et al., 1992) | |
| Passage of influenza C virus in HMV-II cells resulted in selection of antigenically distinct variants, which have an advantage in binding to the cell surface receptors (Umetsu et al., 1992) | |
| Hemagglutinin variants displayed increased resistance to neutralization (Nohinek et al., 1985) | |
| The receptor-binding specificity of the hemagglutinin can markedly influence the antigenic analysis obtained with monoclonal antibodies in HI tests (Yamada et al., 1984) | |
| Picornaviridae | |
| FMDV | Overlap of integrin- and antibody-binding sites (Verdaguer et al., 1995) |
| Monoclonal antibodies selected variants with altered integrin recognition (Martinez 1997, Baranowski 2000, Ruíz-Jarabo 2003) | |
| Adaptation to cell culture may result in antigenic variation (Curry 1996, Sa-Carvalho 1997, Baranowski 2000) | |
| Some amino acid residues involved in heparin-binding map at antigenic sites (Sa-Carvalho 1997, Fry 1999, Baranowski 2000) | |
| Antigenic variants with altered receptor specificity can be selected in vivo (Taboga et al., 1997; Tami et al., 2003) | |
| Poliovirus | Receptor recognition influenced by residues of antigenic sites (Murray 1988, Harber 1995) |
| The exposed BC loop of capsid protein VP1 plays a critical role in receptor interactions in the mouse central nervous system (Yeates et al., 1991) | |
| HRV | Neutralizing antibody to human rhinovirus 14 penetrates the receptor-binding canyon (Smith et al., 1996) |
| The footprint of very low density lipoprotein receptor on HRV-2 surface covers two exposed loops of capsid protein VP1 (BC- and HI-loops) (Hewat et al., 2000) | |
| TMEV | Neutralization epitopes map close to the putative receptor binding region (Sato et al., 1996) |
| Mutations associated with adaptation to some culture cells map in antigenic sites (Jnaoui and Michiels, 1998) | |
| Reoviridae | |
| Bluetongue virus | Anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking viral antigens bind to cellular receptors (Xu et al., 1997) |
| Reovirus | Anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking viral antigens bind to cellular receptors (Co 1985a, Gaulton 1985, Williams 1988, Williams 1989, Williams 1991b) |
| Rhabdoviridae | |
| Rabies virus | Anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking viral antigens bind to cellular receptors (Hanham et al., 1993) |
| Amino acid residues critical for virus neurotropism are involved in antibody binding (Coulon et al., 1998) | |
| Togaviridae | |
| Sindbis virus | Anti-idiotypic antibodies mimicking viral antigens bind to cellular receptors (Ubol 1991, Wang 1991b, Strauss 1994) |
| Several antibodies bind to regions of the virions implicated in cell-receptor recognition (Smith et al., 1995) | |
| Ross River virus | Several antibodies bind to regions of the virion implicated in cell-receptor recognition (Smith et al., 1995) |