Table 3.
Perinatal transmission of major human pathogens
| Maternal infection/organism | Approximate maternal prevalence (%) | Usual timing of transmission |
Neonates infected/ colonized (%) when mother colonized and not treated | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prenatal | Intrapartum | |||
| Bacterial vaginosis | 20.0 | − | − | 0 |
| Chlamydia | 5.0 | − | + | 50.0 |
| Coxsackievirus | 1.0 | + | − | ± |
| Cytomegalovirus | 33.0a | + | + | 3.0 |
| Echovirus | Variable | − | + | ± |
| Gonorrhoea | 1.0 | − | + | 50.0 |
| Group B streptococcus | 20.0 | ± | + | 50.0 |
| Hepatitis B | 0.2 | − | + | 30.0 |
| Hepatitis C | 2.0 | − | + | 8 |
| Herpes simplex | 20.0a | ± | + | 0.2 |
| HIV | 0.2 | + | + | 25.0 |
| HPV | 5.0 | − | + | 5.0 |
| Influenza | Variable | + | − | ± |
| Listeria | Rare | + | − | ± |
| Lyme borreliosis | 0.1 | + | − | ± |
| Malaria | Variable | + | − | 4.0 |
| Measles (rubeola) | Rare | + | − | ± |
| Mumps | Rare | + | − | ± |
| Parvovirus | 1.0 | + | − | 20.0 |
| Rubella | Rare | + | − | 50.0 |
| Syphilis | 0.12 | + | ± | 40.0 |
| Toxoplasmosis | 1.0 | + | − | 30.0 |
| Trichomonas | 5.0 | − | − | 0 |
| Tuberculosis | Rare | + | − | ± |
| Varicella | Rare | + | + | 2.0 |