Table 4.

The estimated impact of direct fetal and neonatal infection with various infections on adverse outcomes of pregnancy each year in the 4,000,000 United States births

Maternal infection/ organism	Approximate maternal prevalence (%)	Mothers infected/ colonized (no.)	With current treatment in the United States, of infected mothers, % and no. of infants colonized		Adverse outcomes of fetal neonatal infection/colonized
			%	No.	Neonatal disease without sequelae	Perinatal death	Neurologic sequelae	New onset post-neonatal illness and death
Bacterial vaginosis	20.0	800,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chlamydiaa	5.0	200,000	50.0	100,000	20,000b	0	0	0
Cytomegalovirus	33.0	1,300,000	3.0	40,000	±	300	2000	5000c
Gonorrheaa	1.0	40,000	50.0	20,000	±	±	±	0
Group B streptococcusd	20.0	800,000	12.5	100,000	1200	150	150	—
Hepatitis Be	0.2	8000	10.0	800	0	0	0	300
Herpes simplex	20.0	800,000	0.15	1200	400	400	400	0
HIVf	0.2	8000	1.0	80	0	0	0	80
Rubella	Rare	—	—	—	0	0	0	0
Syphilis	0.12	4800	40.0	1920	720	720	600	0
Trichomonas	5.0	200,000	0	0	0	0	0	0

±, Occurs, but rarely.

Data from Refs. [75], [135], [136].

^aAssumes prophylaxis for eye disease.

^bMild pneumonia.

^cHearing loss.

^dAssuming current screening and treatment programs reduce transmission by 75% and that 1.5% of colonized infants develop sepsis.

^eAssuming current screening and treatment programs reduce transmission by 70%.

^fAssuming current screening and treatment programs reduce transmission to 1%.