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. 2012 Apr 23;54(6):434–439. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.04.009

Table 3.

Health information and non-pharmacological measures for the prevention of influenza requiring hospitalization (cases and all controls), Spain 2010.

Characteristics Cases n = 813 (%) Controls n = 2274 (%) Crude OR (95% CI) p-value Adjusted OR (95% CI) p-value
Received information on influenza preventiona
 No 132 (16.5) 211 (9.04) 1 1
 Yes 670 (83.5) 2043 (90.6) 0.49 (0.38 - 0.63) < 0.001 0.44 (0.33 - 0.60) < 0.001
Frequency of daily handwashingb
 1-4 times 320 (40.7) 736 (32.7) 1 1
 5-10 times 285 (36.3) 871 (38.7) 0.73 (0.60 - 0.89) 0.002 0.65 (0.52 - 0.84) 0.001
 > 10 times 181 (23.0) 644 (28.6) 0.58 (0.46 - 0.73) < 0.001 0.59 (0.44 - 0.79) < 0.001
Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizersc
 Never 553 (70.5) 1516 (67.1) 1 1
 Sometimes 231 (29.5) 742 (32.9) 0.83 (0.68 - 1.01) 0.06 0.82 (0.65 - 1.02) 0.08
Handwashing after touching contaminated surfacesd
 Never 196 (24.6) 403 (17.9) 1 1
 Occasionally/Always 600 (75.4) 1852 (82.1) 0.58 (0.46 - 0.73) < 0.001 0.65 (0.50 - 0.84) 0.001

OR, odds ratio

CI, Confidence interval

a

Adjusted OR for: Ethnicity, Educational level, COPD, Diabetes, AIDS, Inhaled corticosteroids and non-pharmacological measures

b

Adjusted OR for: Ethnicity, Educational level, COPD, Asthma, AIDS, Previous antibiotics and non-pharmacological measures

c

Adjusted OR for: Educational level, COPD, Asthma, Diabetes, Disabling neurological disease, Systemic corticosteroids and non-pharmacological measures

d

Adjusted OR for: Educational level, COPD, Diabetes, Transplantation, Previous antibiotics, Systemic corticosteroids, Inhaled corticosteroids and non-pharmacological measures