Table 3.
Characteristics | Cases n = 813 (%) | Controls n = 2274 (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Received information on influenza preventiona | ||||||
No | 132 (16.5) | 211 (9.04) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 670 (83.5) | 2043 (90.6) | 0.49 (0.38 - 0.63) | < 0.001 | 0.44 (0.33 - 0.60) | < 0.001 |
Frequency of daily handwashingb | ||||||
1-4 times | 320 (40.7) | 736 (32.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
5-10 times | 285 (36.3) | 871 (38.7) | 0.73 (0.60 - 0.89) | 0.002 | 0.65 (0.52 - 0.84) | 0.001 |
> 10 times | 181 (23.0) | 644 (28.6) | 0.58 (0.46 - 0.73) | < 0.001 | 0.59 (0.44 - 0.79) | < 0.001 |
Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizersc | ||||||
Never | 553 (70.5) | 1516 (67.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
Sometimes | 231 (29.5) | 742 (32.9) | 0.83 (0.68 - 1.01) | 0.06 | 0.82 (0.65 - 1.02) | 0.08 |
Handwashing after touching contaminated surfacesd | ||||||
Never | 196 (24.6) | 403 (17.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
Occasionally/Always | 600 (75.4) | 1852 (82.1) | 0.58 (0.46 - 0.73) | < 0.001 | 0.65 (0.50 - 0.84) | 0.001 |
OR, odds ratio
CI, Confidence interval
Adjusted OR for: Ethnicity, Educational level, COPD, Diabetes, AIDS, Inhaled corticosteroids and non-pharmacological measures
Adjusted OR for: Ethnicity, Educational level, COPD, Asthma, AIDS, Previous antibiotics and non-pharmacological measures
Adjusted OR for: Educational level, COPD, Asthma, Diabetes, Disabling neurological disease, Systemic corticosteroids and non-pharmacological measures
Adjusted OR for: Educational level, COPD, Diabetes, Transplantation, Previous antibiotics, Systemic corticosteroids, Inhaled corticosteroids and non-pharmacological measures