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. 2020 Mar 27;7:80. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00080

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Copyright © 2020 Madduma Hewage, Prashar, Debnath, O and Siow.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cytokine expression and NF-κB activation in mouse kidneys. Mice were fed a control diet, high-fat diet (HFD) or HFD supplemented with lingonberry (HFD+LB) for 12 weeks. The mRNA expression of (A) TNF-α, (B) IL-6, and (C) MCP-1 in kidneys were measured by using qPCR analysis. (D) The NF-κB/DNA binding activity was determined by EMSA. Histone in the nuclear content detected by Western immunoblotting analysis served as a loading control. The results are expressed as the means ± SE (n = 6). *p < 0.05 when compared with the value obtained from the control group. ^#p < 0.05 when compared with the value obtained from the HFD group.