Skip to main content
. 2020 Mar 27;7:80. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00080

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Effect of palmitic acid on NF-κB activation in human proximal tubular cells. Proximal tubular cells were preincubated with either an NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC, 100 μM) for 1 h, C-3-Glu (20 μM) for 4 h, or lingonberry (LB) extract (1:200 dilution) for 4 h, followed by incubation with palmitic acid (0.2 mM) for another 30 min. (A) The NF-κB/DNA binding activity was determined by EMSA. Histone in the nuclear content detected by Western immunoblotting analysis served as a loading control. In another set of experiments, cells were incubated in the absence (control) or presence of PDTC (100 μM) for 1 h, prior to incubation with palmitic acid (0.2 mM) for 4 h. The mRNA expression of (B) TNF-α, (C) IL-6, and (D) MCP-1 was measured by using qPCR. The results are expressed as the means ± SE (n = 6). *p < 0.05 when compared with the value obtained from control cells. #p < 0.05 when compared with the value obtained from palmitic cell treated cells.