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. 2020 Mar 27;14:98. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00098

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Copyright © 2020 Ruohonen, Kattainen, Li, Taskila, Ye and Astikainen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Grand-averaged waveforms for mismatch negativity (MMN; deviant–standard from the same oddball series) from a frontocentral channel cluster and topographical maps. (A) Increment condition. (B) Decrement condition. The rectangles overlaid with the waveforms and the topographies show the time window applied in the analyses (mean amplitude values between 140 ms and 180 ms after stimulus onset). YOUNG, younger adult group, YOUNG-D, younger adult depression group; OLD, older adult group; OLD-D, older adult depression group.