Table 2.
Infected-cell vaccines (ICV) and recombinant vectored vaccines with and without ICV or SU protein boosts
| Type of immunizationa | Vaccine |
Immunization |
Type of adjuvantb | Challenge inoculum strain (clade) and dose (CID50) and routec, d, e | No. protected/no. challenged (% protect)f | Study no. (Ref.)g | ||
| Strain (clade)c | Dose (ug) | Routed | Protocol (weeks) | |||||
| Fixed FIV/FL-4 | PET (A) | 2.5×107 | TLN | 0, 2, 4 | Quil A | PET (A), 100, rect | 4/4 (100) | Study 1 (Finerty et al., 2002) |
| Fixed FeT-J | – | 2.5×107 | TLN | 0, 2, 4 | None | PET (A), 100, rect | 1/4 (25) | |
| Fixed FIV/FL-4 | PET (A) | 2.5×107 | TLN | 0, 2, 4 | Quil A | PET (A), 100, rect | 4/4 (100) | Study 2 (Stokes et al., 1999) |
| Fixed FeT-J | – | 2.5×107 | TLN | 0, 2, 4 | None | PET (A), 100, rect | 0/4 (0) | |
| Fixed FIV/MBM | M2 (B) | 3×107 | s.c. | 0, 3, 6, 16, 40, 64 | IFA | Field isol (na), na, contact expo | 12/12 (100) | Study 3 (Matteucci et al., 2000) |
| Control (none) | – | – | – | – | – | Field isol (na), na, contact expo | 9/14 (64) | |
| Fixed FIV-autoPBMC | Clone 19k1 (A) | 5×106 | i.v. + s.c. | 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 | – | Clone19k1 (A), 10, i.m. | 0/3↑ (0) | Study 4 (Karlas et al., 1998, Karlas et al., 1999) |
| Fixed autoPBMC | – | 5×106 | i.v. + s.c. | 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 | – | Clone19k1 (A), 10, i.m. | 0/2 (0) | |
| ALVAC-FIV | VFr (A) | 1×108 pfuh | i.m. | 0, 4, 8 | – | PET (A), 50, i.p. | 0/3 (0) | Study 5A (Tellier et al., 1998) |
| ALVAC-FIV + ICVh | VFr (A)/PET (A) | +2×108 cellsh | i.m. + s.c. | 0, 4, 8 | –/SAF-MDP | PET (A), 50, i.p. | 3/3 (100) | |
| ALVAC + ICVh | –/PET (A) | +2×108 cellsh | i.m. + s.c. | 0, 4, 8 | –/SAF-MDP | PET (A), 50, i.p. | 0/3 (0) | |
| ALVAC-FIV + ICVh, i | VFr (A)/PET (A) | +2×108 cellsh | i.m. + s.c. | 0, 4, 8 | –/SAF-MDP | BANG (A/B), 75, i.p.i | 0/3 (0) | |
| Control (none) | – | – | – | – | – | BANG (A/B), 75, i.p.i | 0/3 (0) | |
| pCI-NC vector/recSUj | GAS (A)/BANG (A/B) | 300/100 | in/s.c. | 0, 15, 30, 45 daysj | – | GAS (A), 1, i.p. | 1/4 (25) | Study 6 (Cuisinier et al., 1999) |
| pCI-NC vector/recSUj | GAS (A)/BANG (A/B) | 300/100 | i.m./s.c. | 0, 15, 30, 45 daysj | – | GAS (A), 1, i.p. | 0/4 (0) | |
| pCI vector/recSUj | –/BANG (A/B) | 300/100 | i.m./s.c. | 0, 15, 30, 45 daysj | – | GAS (A), 1, i.p. | 0/4 (0) | |
| pCI vector/PBSj | –/– | 300/– | i.m./s.c. | 0, 15, 30, 45 daysj | – | GAS (A), 1, i.p. | 0/4 (0) | |
Infected-cell vaccine and uninfected cells were inactivated by fixation with paraformaldehyde; FIV-PET infected feline T-cell line (FL-4) and uninfected feline T-cell line (FeT-J) developed by USA group; feline PBMC cell line (MBM) developed by Italian group; autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (autoPBMC); FIV envelope/Gag-protease (env/gag-pr) gene construct of canarypox virus vector (ALVAC-FIV) was grown in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF); infected-cell vaccine (ICV) consisted of PET infected FL-4 cells; plasmid pCI vector construct of FIV nucleocapsid (pCI-NC vector); recombinant surface Env protein (recSU) expressed in E. coli system.
Quillaja saponin adjuvant (Quil A); incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA); syntax adjuvant formulation muramylpeptide (SAF-MDP).
FIV-Petaluma (PET); FIV-Millan 2 (M2); infectious molecular clone (19k1) of FIV-AM19; FIV-Ville Franche (VFr); FIV-Gasser (GAS); FIV-Bangston (BANG) has Gag of clade A and Env of clade B (A/B).
Targeted lymph node (TLN); intranasal (in).
Rectal (rect); contact exposure (contact expo) with field cats infected with FIV; field isolates (field isol); information not available (na).
Percent protection (% protect); enhanced challenge virus load (↑) observed in this immunization group.
Reference (Ref.).
Immunized twice with either ALVAC-FIV or ALVAC vector (1×108pfu) followed by 1× immunization with ICV (+1×108 cell).
Three protected cats from above boosted with ICV and then challenged second time with distinctly heterologous FIV-BANG.
Immunized 2× with either pCI vector or pCI-NC vector on days 0 and 15 followed by 2× immunization with recSU on days 30 and 45.