Table 3.
Human WNV vaccine candidates in clinical trial
| Vaccine name (company) | Vaccine approach | Design/features | Status of development | Reference(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chimeri-Vax-WN (Acambis, Sanofi-Pasteur) | Recombinant | WNV prM-E and E replacing capsid and non-structural protein of yellow fever vaccine strain (17D) | Phase I clinical trial completed, Phase II trial ongoing | Biedenbender et al. [366] |
| WN-DEN4 | Recombinant | WNV prM gene in a backbone of attenuated DEN-4 | Phase I clinical trial completed, Phase II trial ongoing | Pletnev et al. [94] |
| WN-80E | Subunit protein | Recombinant E protein lacking transmembrane domain | Phase I clinical trial completed | Lieberman et al. [136, 147] |
| WNVDNA017-00-VP (VRC in collaboration with Vical) | Plasmid based DNA vaccine | Plasmid DNA vector that express WNV-NY99 prM-Env under a cytomegalovirus promoter | Phase I clinical trial completed | Martin et al. [90]; Ledgerwood et al. [100] |
| HydroVax-001 (OHSU, NIH funded) | Inactivated | Chemical inactivation by H2O2 | Phase I clinical trial ongoing | http://www.nih.gov/news/health/jul2015/niaid-06.htm |