1. Key Characteristics of Studies.
| Study | Number Randomised |
Mean Age (yrs) |
Mean Hoehn & Yahr Stage |
Duration of Disease (yrs) |
% Male | Duration of Treatment |
Design | Location | Type of Treatment |
| Allen 2010 | 48 | 67 | 8 | 54 | 48‐72 hrs/24 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Exercise | |
| Almeida 2012 | 42 | 68.4 | 5.3 | 74 | 9 hrs/6 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Cueing | |
| Ashburn 2007 | 142 | 72.15 | 3.13 | 8.35 | 61 | 42 hrs/6 weeks | Parallel | Home | Exercise |
| Boehm 2011 | 110 | 69.4 | 60 | 12 weeks | Cross‐over | Exercise | |||
| Cakit 2007 | 54 | 71.8 | 5.58 | 52 | 30‐min sessions/ 8 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Treadmill | |
| Canning 2008 | 20 | 61 | 9‐12 hrs/6 weeks | Parallel | Home | Treadmill | |||
| Cerri 1994 | 6 | 15 hrs/3 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient/Home | Exercise | ||||
| Chandler 1999 | 67 | 65.5 | 2.6 | 60 | 5 times/52 weeks | Parallel | Home | Physio | |
| de Bruin 2010a | 22 | 65.6 | 2.2 | 5.5 | 50 | 18 hrs/12 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Cueing |
| de Bruin 2010b | 13 | 3 per week/13 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Cueing | ||||
| Duncan 2012 | 62 | 70.3 | 2.5 | 56 | 24 hrs/2 weeks | Parallel | Dance | ||
| Ellis 2005 | 68 | 64 | 2.4 | 75 | 18 hrs/6 weeks | Cross‐over | Outpatient | Physio | |
| Fisher 2008 | 30 | 62.9 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 63 | 24 sessions/8 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Treadmill/Physio |
| Ganesan 2010 | 20 | 8 hrs/4 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Treadmill | ||||
| Goodwin 2009 | 130 | 71.1 | 2.5 | 8.7 | 57 | 10 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Exercise |
| Haase 2011 | 26 | 66 | 52 | 4 mins/single session | Parallel | Cueing | |||
| Hackney 2009 | 75 | 66.6 | 2.1 | 7.7 | 74 | 20 hrs/13 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Dance/Martial Arts |
| Homann 1998 | 15 | 14 units/5 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Physio | ||||
| Keus 2007 | 27 | 67.95 | 2.4 | 6.5 | 81 | 1 or 2 per week/10 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Physio |
| Klassen 2007 | 26 | 66.2 | 1.6 | 4.7 | 74 | 15‐30 hrs/12 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Exercise |
| Kurtais 2008 | 27 | 64.75 | 2.1 | 5 | 50 | 12 hrs/6 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Treadmill |
| Lehman 2005 | 11 | 75.8 | 6.5 | 73 | 5 per week/2 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Cueing | |
| Mak 2008 | 60 | 64 | 2.7 | 6 | 4‐6 hrs/4 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Cueing/Exercise | |
| Marjama‐Lyons 2002 | 30 | 24 hrs/12 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Martial Arts | ||||
| Meek 2010 | 39 | 64.2 | 4.9 | 79 | 12 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Exercise | |
| Nieuwboer 2007 | 153 | 67.1 | 2.8 | 7.5 | 58 | 4.5 hrs/3 weeks | Cross‐over | Home | Cueing |
| Protas 2005 | 18 | 72.5 | 2.9 | 7.6 | 100 | 24 hrs/8 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Treadmill |
| Purchas 2007 | 20 | 70 | 2.15 | 61 | 12 hrs/12 weeks | Cross‐over | Martial Arts | ||
| Sage 2009a | 53 | 66 | 3.5 | 54 | 18‐24 hrs/10‐12 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Exercise | |
| Schenkman 1998 | 51 | 70.9 | 2.7 | 74 | 22.5‐30 hrs/10 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Exercise | |
| Schilling 2008 | 18 | 59.2 | 2 | 61 | 2 per week/8 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Exercise | |
| Schmitz‐Hubsch 2006 | 56 | 63.5 | 5.8 | 77 | 16 hrs/24 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Martial Arts | |
| Shankar 2008 | 28 | 66 | 2.4 | 7.7 | 50 | 18 hrs/12 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Cueing |
| Shankar 2009 | 20 | 8 hrs/8 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Treadmill | ||||
| Stack 2012 | 47 | 12 hrs/4 weeks | Parallel | Home | Physio | ||||
| Stozek 2003 | 61 | 65.5 | 2.3 | 4.5 | 48 | 56 hrs/4 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Exercise |
| Taheri 2011 | 24 | 40 hrs/ 10 weeks | Parallel | Exercise | |||||
| Talakad 2011 | 60 | 8 hrs/4 weeks | Parallel | Outpatient | Physio/treadmill | ||||
| Thaut 1996 | 37 | 71.3 | 2.5 | 7.7 | 70 | 10.5 hrs/3 weeks | Parallel | Home | Exercise/Cueing |