Comparison 4. Self‐hypnosis or hypnotherapy versus relaxation.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Use of pharmacological pain relief/anaesthesia	2	1047	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.48 [0.11, 2.17]
1.1 3rd trimester	2	1047	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.48 [0.11, 2.17]
2 Spontaneous vaginal birth	2	1047	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.22 [0.78, 1.90]
2.1 3rd trimester	2	1047	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.22 [0.78, 1.90]
3 Pain intensity (Measured on McGill Pain Questionaire Present Pain Intensity Scale)	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.70 [‐1.03, ‐0.37]
4 Satisfaction with childbirth experience (Mean Wijmas‐Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire score at 6 weeks postpartum)	1	916	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐4.30 [‐7.45, ‐1.15]
5 Breastfeeding at discharge (any)	1	923	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.02 [0.98, 1.06]
6 Assisted vaginal birth	2	1047	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.63 [0.32, 1.21]
7 Caesarean section	1	987	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.13 [0.87, 1.46]
8 Admission to neonatal intensive care unit	1	987	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.67, 1.23]
9 Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes	2	1047	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.50 [0.25, 8.96]
10 Use of epidural/neuroaxial block	1	987	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.05 [0.87, 1.27]
11 Preterm birth	1	987	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.96 [0.53, 1.72]
12 Length of labour (minutes)	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐165.2 [‐223.53, ‐106.87]
13 Perineal trauma	1	987	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.79, 1.04]
14 Induction of labour	2	1047	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.72 [0.32, 1.59]
15 Augmentation of labour	1	987	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.94 [0.82, 1.07]
16 Primary postpartum haemorrhage (> 500 mL)	1	987	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.68, 1.07]
17 Postnatal depression	1	987	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.86 [0.51, 1.46]