Comparison 8. Individual sessions versus group sessions (subgroup analysis).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Use of pharmacological pain relief/anaesthesia	8	2916	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.73 [0.57, 0.94]
1.1 Group sessions	4	2249	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.90 [0.74, 1.10]
1.2 Individual sessions	4	667	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.39, 1.08]
2 Spontaneous vaginal birth	6	2361	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.12 [0.96, 1.32]
2.1 Group sessions	4	2254	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.01 [0.90, 1.14]
2.2 Individual sessions	2	107	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.64 [0.79, 3.42]