Table 4.

Emerging pathogens and syndromes

Bacteria and bacterial syndromes

Viridans streptococci

Rhodococcus equi

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Achromobacter spp.

Alcaligenes spp.

Hypervirulent strains of Clostridium difficile

Escherichia coli pyomyositis

Fungi

Non-albicans Candida spp.

Aspergillus flavus

Aspergillus terreus

Trichosporon spp.

Fusarium spp.

Rhodotorula spp.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. boulardii

Phaeohyphomycosis

Cryptococcus gattii

Viruses

Respiratory viruses

Influenza, including emerging and pandemic strains

Parainfluenza

Respiratory syncytial virus

Human metapneumovirus

Coronaviruses including SARS CoV and MERS CoV

Adenovirus

Rhinovirus

Bocavirus

KI and WU polyomaviruses

Gastrointestinal viruses

Hepatitis E virus

Noroviruses

Reactivation of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses

Global emergence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria, fungi, and viruses