Table 21.2.
RNA virus proteins and sumoylation
| RNA virus family | Virus | Protein | Sumo sites* | SIMs | Effect of sumoylation or effect on sumoylation system |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Retrovirus | HIV | Integrase | Multiple | – | Unclear |
| HTLV | Tax | Multiple | – | Localization | |
| Orthomyxovirus | Influenza A virus | NS1 | K70/K219 | – | Sumoylation needed to reduce IFN production |
| M1 | K242 | – | Sumoylation required for binding NP | ||
| NP | K4/K7 | – | Sumoylation required for intracellular trafickkng of NP | ||
| NS2 | + | – | Unknown | ||
| Filovirus | Ebola | VP35 | – | – | VP35 enhances the sumoylation of host IRF7 |
| Paramyxovirus | Parainfluenza | P | K254 | – | Sumoylation required for WT viral titer; no specific defect identified |
| Rhabdovirus | Rabies/VSV | – | – | – | Increased sumoylation blocks viral mRNA synthesis |
| Coronavirus | SARS | N | – | – | N binds Ubc9 |
| Flavivirus | Dengue | NS5 | + | – | Sumoylation stabilizes NS5 |
| Envelope Protein | – | – | Binds Ubc9 | ||
| Picornavirus | Enterovirus 71 | 3C | K72 | – | Sumoylation decreases protease activity and stability of 3C |
| EMCV | 3C | – | – | 3C enhances sumoylation of PML | |
| Reovirus | Rotavirus | VP1 | + | + (tentative) | Unknown |
| VP2 | + | + (tentative) | Unknown | ||
| VP6 | + | - | Unknown | ||
| NSP2 | + | + (tentative) | Unknown | ||
| NSP5 | K19/K82 (tentative) | – | Sumoylation required for viroplasm structure formation | ||
| Delta | Hepatitis delta virus | HDAg | Multiple | – | Sumoylation of HDAg increases viral genomic and mRNA production |
*A + symbol indicates that sumoylation has been detected but a specific site has not been mapped. A – symbol indicates that the feature has not been identified or has not been tested for