Table 4.8.
Development of micro- and nanosystems for mucosal administration of therapeutic biological products
| Carrier | Size (nm) | ζ-potential (mV) | Loading method | Biomolecule | Loading (%) | Encapsulation efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral delivery | ||||||
| Chitosan | 0.215 | 20.7 | Encapsulation | Insulin | – | 49.43 |
| Chitosan | Encapsulation | DNA | – | |||
| Chitosan/HPMCP | 0.255 | 30.1 | Encapsulation | Insulin | – | 60.88 |
| Chitosan/dextran sulfate | 0.497–1.612 | −21.5–3.2 | Encapsulation | Insulin | – | 48.6–96.4 |
| Chitosan/dextran sulfate | 0.527–1.577 | −20.6–11.5 | Encapsulation | Insulin | 2.3 | 69.3 |
| Chitosan/lecithin | 0.121–0.347 | 7.5–32.7 | Encapsulation | Melatonin | Up to 7.1 | |
| DEAPA-PVA-g-PLLA | 0.200–0.400 | 7.5–32.7 | Self-assembly | Insulin | – | 85 |
| Polyacrylic acid/MgCl2 | 0.278 | −23.4 | Encapsulation | Calcitonin | – | 53.8 |
| Lipid nanoparticles | 0.200 | −50.3 | Encapsulation | Calcitonin | – | >90 |
| Lipid nanoparticles/PEG | 0.207–0.226 | −36.6–34.8 | Encapsulation | Calcitonin | – | >90 |
| Nasal delivery | ||||||
| Chitosan | 0.275 | 46.7 | Encapsulation | Insulin | 44.1 | 46.9 |
| Chitosan | 0.040–0.600 | 18.8–31.1 | Encapsulation | siRNA | 13.2 | 9.2 |
| Pulmonary delivery | ||||||
| Liposomes | 0.091–0.104 | Encapsulation | Vasoactive intestinal peptide | 0.4 | ||
| Liposomes/PEG | 0.090–0.095 | Encapsulation | Vasoactive intestinal peptide | 0.4 | ||
| Lipid nanoparticles | 0.115 | Encapsulation | Insulin | – | ||