Table 4.1.

Transgenic technology application to improve meat production and growth rate (Modified from Wall et al. 2009)

Introduced	Modification	Application species	References
Insulin-like growth factor 1	Increased meat production	Pig	Pursel et al. (1999)
Human and porcine growth hormone releasing factor	Increased meat production	Pig	Draghia-Akli et al. (1999), Pursel et al. (1990)
Human growth hormone releasing factor	Increased meat production	Pig	Rexroad et al. (1989)
Bovine, human, and porcine growth hormone	Increased meat production	Sheep	Nottle et al. (1999), Pursel et al. (1989, 1990)
Ovine growth hormone	Increased meat production	Pig	Adams et al. (2002); Ward and Brown (1998)
Inducible myostatin knock out	Increased postnatal muscle growth	Mouse	Grobet et al. (2003)
Myostatin disruption	Increased meat production	Mouse	Yang et al. (2001)
Sex-specific disruption of myostatin	Efficient cattle production system for dairy cows and superior beef bulls	Mouse	Pirottin et al. (2005)
Chicken c-ski oncogene	Primarily involve in hypertrophy of muscles	Mice, sheep, pig and cattle	Palmiter et al. (1982), Pursel et al. (1990), Bowen et al. (1994), Cameron et al. (1994), Murray et al. (1999)
Growth hormone releasing factors and insulin-like growth factor	Increase the diameter of muscles	Pig	Neimann (1998)
Piscine growth hormone	Shorter time to market	Fish	Devlin et al. (1994), Du et al. (1992)