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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jun 10;30(8):505–519. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.04.009

Figure 1. Overview of NO2-FA Formation, Distribution, Metabolism, Signaling, and Protection.

Figure 1.

NO2-FAs are mainly formed in the gastric compartment and, upon absorption and distribution, exert protective effects by activating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic signaling pathways. NO2-FAs are finally metabolized and eliminated, at least partially, through kidney filtration. Abbreviations: HSP, ; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; NO2-FA, nitro-fatty acid; Keap1, ; Nrf2, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; TG, triglyceride.