Table 5.

Causes of combination of DAH and glomerulonephritis (primary pulmonary-renal syndrome)

	Clinical features	Laboratory tests
Goodpasture’s syndrome	Young man	Anti-GBM
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis)	Upper airway disease (nasal, oral, or sinus inflammation)	c-ANCA
Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)	Systemic symptoms	p-ANCA
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)	Systemic symptoms	ANA
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss)	Asthma	Peripheral eosinophilia p-ANCA

Anti-GBM anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies, ANCA antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody, ANA antinuclear antibodies