Table 2.
Estimates of the effect of parental involvement laws on abortions among minors, 1985 to 2013
| Abortion Rate | Log of Abortion Rate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1985 to 2013 | CDC Occurrence | GI Residence | CDC Occurrence GI Years | GI Residence CDC State-Years | CDC Occurrence | GI Residence | CDC Occurrence GI Years | GI Residence CDC State-Years |
| Model A | −1.907* | 1.240 | −1.895* | −0.742 | −0.241** | −0.159* | −0.316** | −0.259** |
| (0.803) | (1.802) | (0.857) | (1.010) | (0.067) | (0.071) | (0.084) | (0.070) | |
| Model B | −1.916* | −1.592 | −1.807* | −1.744* | −0.181** | −0.129* | −0.220** | −0.209** |
| (0.846) | (1.389) | (0.827) | (0.736) | (0.058) | (0.055) | (0.059) | (0.049) | |
| Model C | −2.305** | −1.830* | −3.187** | −3.345** | −0.162** | −0.120** | −0.240** | −0.225** |
| (0.615) | (0.787) | (0.741) | (0.619) | (0.048) | (0.044) | (0.066) | (0.047) | |
| Model D | ||||||||
| PI law main effect (<100 miles) | −3.185** | −1.840 | −3.810** | −3.403** | −0.213* | −0.104 | −0.267* | −0.229* |
| (0.975) | (1.280) | (0.996) | (0.936) | (0.102) | (0.110) | (0.110) | (0.096) | |
| Law × Distance (100–199 miles) | 0.766 | −0.124 | 0.431 | 0.380 | 0.065 | −0.015 | 0.019 | 0.040 |
| (0.940) | (1.270) | (0.965) | (1.154) | (0.102) | (0.120) | (0.121) | (0.117) | |
| Law × Distance (200–299 miles) | 1.624 | −0.558 | 1.028 | 0.188 | 0.093 | −0.021 | 0.032 | 0.021 |
| (1.201) | (1.121) | (1.168) | (0.814) | (0.118) | (0.106) | (0.131) | (0.096) | |
| Law × Distance (300–399 miles) | 1.002 | −0.078 | 0.721 | 0.151 | 0.084 | −0.027 | 0.020 | −0.004 |
| (1.120) | (1.155) | (1.047) | (0.928) | (0.103) | (0.111) | (0.117) | (0.102) | |
| Law × Distance (400+ miles) | 1.594 | 0.491 | 1.056 | 0.742 | 0.076 | −0.020 | 0.016 | 0.019 |
| (1.022) | (1.078) | (0.844) | (0.820) | (0.102) | (0.105) | (0.105) | (0.100) | |
| Mean of Dependent Variable | 11.9 | 15.4 | 10.9 | 15.4 | 11.9 | 15.4 | 10.9 | 15.4 |
| Number of Observations | 1,114 | 463 | 386 | 386 | 1,114 | 463 | 386 | 386 |
Notes: Model A includes state and year fixed effects; state unemployment rate; state median wage; state share of females aged 15–19 who are Black, non-Hispanic; and state share of females aged 15–19 who are White, Hispanic. Model B adds interactions between covariates and year fixed effects to Model A. Model C adds a state-specific linear time trend to Model A. Model D is Model C but with the effect of PI law allowed to differ by distance to nearest state without a PI law. Distance is measured between the most populous city in each state. Regressions weighted by state population of females aged 15–17. Mean of dependent variable is average across sample period. Standard errors, clustered at the state level, are shown in parentheses.
Source: CDC Abortion Surveillance Reports 1985–2013 and Guttmacher Institute estimates of number of abortions by state residents for years 1985, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013.
p < .05
p < .01