Table 6.2.

Relative risk of autoimmune diseases after the diagnosis with schizophrenia spectrum disorder in Denmark (1987–2010)^a

Autoimmune diseases		Cases	RR	95 % CI
Persons without schizophrenia (reference)			1.00	(Reference)
Any autoimmune disease	142,328	1,401	1.53	1.46–1.62
Autoimmune disease with suspected presence of brain-reactive antibodies	75,087	849	1.91	1.78–2.04
Autoimmune hepatitis	1,878	40	3.51	2.51–4.73
Autoimmune thyroiditis	3,386	23	0.90	0.58–1.33
Celiac disease	2,350	20	1.33	0.82–2.03
Guillain Barre syndrome	1,648	24	2.73	1.77–3.99
Multiple sclerosis	9,759	83	1.57	1.29–1.90
Sjögren’s syndrome	1,994	19	1.31	0.80–2.00
Systemic lupus erythematosis	2,101	19	1.57	0.96–2.39
Thyrotoxicosis	17,308	136	1.10	0.93–1.30
Type 1 diabetes	28,272	478	2.83	2.58–3.10
Other autoimmune diseases	80,979	642	1.21	1.11–1.30
Alopecia areata	1,377	9	1.05	0.50–1.90
Ankylosing spondylitis	3,661	21	0.78	0.49–1.16
Crohn’s disease	12,117	98	1.33	1.08–1.61
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura	1,660	14	1.36	0.76–2.21
Iridocyclitis	9,220	80	1.18	0.94–1.46
Pernicious anemia	1,082	19	2.59	1.58–3.95
Polymyalgia rheumatica	2,396	11	0.61	0.31–1.04
Primary adrenocortical insufficiency	785	20	3.81	2.36–5.79
Primary biliary cirrhosis	478	9	2.65	1.26–4.81
Psoriasis vulgaris	13,269	190	2.13	1.84–2.45
Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis	15,768	82	0.75	0.60–0.93
Ulcerative colitis	22,289	146	0.99	0.84–1.16
Autoimmune diseases with too few cases to calculate the individual riskb, c	6,701	25	0.72	0.47–1.04

Source: Benros et al. Am J Psychiatry 2014

^aIncidence rate ratios were adjusted for age and its interaction with sex, and calendar year. Persons without a history of schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses were chosen as reference category. Boldface indicates a significant result

^bOnly estimates building on five or more exposed cases are shown

^cEstimates should be interpreted with caution, but the following autoimmune diseases were estimated together for completeness: autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pemphigus, pemphigoid, vitiligo, juvenile arthritis, Wegener’s granulomatosis, dermatopolymyositis, myasthenia gravis, scleroderma