Table 6.3.
Relative risk of mood disorders with a hospital contact in persons with hospital contact for autoimmune diseases and infections in Denmark (1977–2010)a
| Mood disorders in persons without infections | Mood disorder in persons with infections | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Autoimmune disease | Relative riskb | 95 % CI | Case patients | Relative riskb | 95 % CI | Case patients |
| Persons without autoimmune disease (reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 60,361 | 1.62 | 1.60–1.64 | 27,081 |
| Any autoimmune disease | 1.45 | 1.39–1.52 | 2,082c | 2.35 | 2.25–2.46 | 2,113c |
| Autoimmune diseases with suspected presence of brain-reactive antibodies: | 1.58 | 1.49–1.68 | 1,057 | 2.49 | 2.35–2.65 | 1,123 |
| Autoimmune hepatitis | 2.28 | 1.53–3.41 | 24 | 3.13 | 2.39–4.11 | 52 |
| Autoimmune thyroiditis | 1.05 | 0.72–1.52 | 28 | 1.63 | 1.09–2.43 | 24 |
| Celiac disease | 1.91 | 1.41–2.60 | 41 | 1.90 | 1.32–2.73 | 29 |
| Guillain Barre syndrome | 1.61 | 1.14–2.26 | 33 | 2.24 | 1.58–3.17 | 32 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 1.52 | 1.30–1.77 | 162 | 2.42 | 2.06–2.86 | 142 |
| Sjögren’s syndrome | 1.79 | 1.23–2.61 | 27 | 2.58 | 1.79–3.71 | 29 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosis | 2.16 | 1.61–2.89 | 45 | 2.19 | 1.65–2.92 | 47 |
| Thyrotoxicosis (Graves disease) | 1.28 | 1.12–1.45 | 228 | 1.90 | 1.63–2.21 | 165 |
| Type 1 diabetes | 1.77 | 1.61–1.94 | 469 | 2.84 | 2.62–3.07 | 603 |
| Other autoimmune diseases listed below: | 1.35 | 1.27–1.43 | 1,206 | 2.22 | 2.08–2.36 | 1,282 |
| Ankylosing spondylitis | 1.23 | 0.91–1.65 | 44 | 2.02 | 1.46–2.81 | 36 |
| Crohn’s disease | 1.75 | 1.52–2.01 | 191 | 2.32 | 2.04–2.65 | 224 |
| Iridocyclitis | 1.22 | 1.00–1.48 | 101 | 2.08 | 1.70–2.54 | 94 |
| Juvenile arthritis | 1.20 | 0.88–1.64 | 39 | 2.48 | 1.93–3.19 | 61 |
| Psoriasis vulgaris | 1.58 | 1.38–1.81 | 203 | 2.60 | 2.27–2.97 | 212 |
| Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis | 1.08 | 0.93–1.25 | 167 | 2.18 | 1.89–2.52 | 183 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 1.41 | 1.27–1.57 | 331 | 2.27 | 2.04–2.54 | 315 |
| Alopecia areata | 1.08 | 0.66–1.77 | 16 | 2.43 | 1.60–3.69 | 22 |
| Autoimmune hemolytic anemia | 2.53 | 1.27–5.06 | 8 | 2.28 | 1.02–5.07 | 6 |
| Dermatopolymyositis | 1.25 | 0.60–2.62 | 7 | 3.40 | 2.01–5.74 | 14 |
| Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura | 1.18 | 0.71–1.96 | 15 | 2.13 | 1.37–3.30 | 20 |
| Myasthenia gravis | 1.19 | 0.62–2.30 | 9 | – | – | 4 |
| Pernicious anemia | 1.37 | 0.81–2.30 | 14 | 2.14 | 1.24–3.68 | 13 |
| Primary adrenocortical insufficiency | 2.58 | 1.53–4.35 | 14 | 1.64 | 0.95–2.82 | 13 |
| Primary biliary cirrhosis | 1.74 | 0.78–3.88 | 6 | – | – | 3 |
| Pemphigus | – | – | 2 | 4.31 | 1.94–9.60 | 6 |
| Pemphigoid | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 |
| Polymyalgia rheumatica | 1.30 | 0.77–2.19 | 14 | 3.81 | 2.53–5.73 | 23 |
| Scleroderma | 1.03 | 0.56–1.92 | 10 | 3.18 | 2.05–4.93 | 20 |
| Vitiligo | 1.24 | 0.70–2.17 | 12 | 2.01 | 1.14–3.54 | 12 |
| Wegener’s granulomatosis | – | – | 2 | 2.37 | 1.18–4.75 | 8 |
Source: Benros et al. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013
aAnalyses were adjusted for sex, age, and calendar period
bBoldface indicates that the 95 % confidence interval did not include 1.0. Relative risks were not estimated when there were less than five exposed cases. Each separate autoimmune disease gives rise to one analysis adjusted for all other autoimmune diagnoses
cThe data reflect that an individual can have multiple autoimmune diseases