Table 9.3.

Selected viral proteins cleaved by proprotein convertases

Virus	Viral protein	Cleavage motifsa	Proprotein convertases	References
Orthomyxoviridae
A/FPV/Rostock/34 (H7N1)	HA	337KKREKR↓	Furin	Porter et al. (1979)
A/FPV/Rostock/34 (H7N1)	HA	337KKRKKR↓	Furin, PC5	Garten et al. (1985), Feldmann et al. (2000)
A/turkey/Ireland/1378/85 (H5N8)	HA	338 RKRKKR↓	Furin, PC5	Walker and Kawaoka (1993), Walker et al. (1994), Horimoto et al. (1994)
A/Thailand/1(KAN-1)/2004 (H5N1)	HA	342 RERRRKKR↓	Furin	Puthavathana et al. (2005)
Paramyxoviridae
Newcastle disease virus (Italian)	F	111RRQRR↓	Furin, PC5, PACE4	Toyoda et al. (1987), Sakaguchi et al. (1994)
Measles virus	F	108RRHKR↓	Furin	Richardson et al. (1986)
Human parainfluenza virus type 3	F	104PRTKR↓	Furin	Ortmann et al. (1994)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)	F	131KKRKRR↓	Furin	González-Reyes et al. (2001)
Bovine RSV	F	106 RAK/RR↓; 131KKRKRR↓	Furin	Zimmer et al. (2001, 2003)
Filoviridae
Marburg virus	GP	431 RKKR↓	Furin	Volchkov et al. (2000)
Ebola-Zaire virus	GP	497RRTRR↓	Furin	Volchkov et al. (1998)
	sGP	321 RVRR↓	Furin	Volchkova et al. (1999)
Bornaviridae
Borna virus	GP	245KRRRR↓	Furin	Richt et al. (1998), Eickmann et al. (2005)
Flaviviridae
Yellow fever virus	pr-M	84 RSRR↓SRR↓	Furin	Rice et al. (1985)
Tick-borne encephalitis virus	pr-M	86SRTRR↓	Furin	Stadler et al. (1997)
Dengue virus Types 1, 3	pr-M	86RRDKR↓	Furin	Keelapang et al. (2004)
Dengue virus Types 2, 4	pr-M	86RREKR↓	Furin	Keelapang et al. (2004)
Zika virus	pr-M	89RRSRR↓	Furin	Kuno and Chang (2007)
Togaviridae
Semliki forest virus	E3/E2	330 RHRR↓	Furin	Jain et al. (1991), Sariola et al. (1995) Zhang et al. (2003)
Sindbis virus	E3/E2	325 RSKR↓	Furin	Strauss et al. (1984)
Chikungunya virus	E3/E2	322 RQRR↓	Furin, PACE4, PC5	Heidner and Johnston (1994), Ozden et al. (2008)
Coronaviridae
Mouse hepatitis virus	S	713RRAHR↓ (S1/S2)	Furin	Sturman and Holmes (1984), Schmidt et al. (1987), de Haan et al. (2004)
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV)	S	533RRFRR↓ (S1/S2); 687 RRKR↓ (S2′)	Furin Furin	Cavanagh et al. (1986) Bosch et al. (2008)
SARS virus	S	441 RYLR↓; 758 RNTR↓ (S1/S2)	Furin	Follis et al. (2006)
MERS virus	S	626 RQQR↓; 691 RSTR↓ (S1/S2); 884 RSAR↓ (S2′)	Furin Furin	Millet and Whittaker (2014) Millet and Whittaker (2015)
Arenaviridae
Lassa virus	GP	256 RRLL↓	SKI-1/S1P	Lenz et al. (2001)
LCMV	GP	262 RRLA↓	SKI-1/S1P	Beyer et al. (2003)
Tacaribe virus	GP	246 RTLK↓	SKI-1/S1P	Allison et al. (1991)
Bunyaviridae
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (Nairovirus)	GP38	244 RSKR↓	Furin	Sanchez et al. (2006)
	Pre-GP-N	516 RRLL↓	SKI-1/S1P	Altamura et al. (2007)
	Pre-GP-C	1038 RKPL↓	SKI-1/S1P (?)	Bergeron et al. (2015)
Retrovirus
HIV-1	env	508 REKR↓	PC7, Furin	McCune et al. (1988), Hallenberger et al. (1997)
	gp120 V3-loop	308 RIQR↓	Furin	Morikawa et al. (1993)
SIV	env	524 RNKR↓	Furin	Yamshchikov et al. (1995)
Foamy virus	env leader peptide env leader peptide env	122 RRRR↓ 122 RTAR↓SLR↓ 572 RKRR↓	Furin Furin Furin	Geiselhart et al. (2004) Duda et al. (2004) Duda et al. (2004)
Herpesviridae
Human cytomegalovirus	gB	354 RTIR↓; 457 RTKR↓	Furin	Brücher et al. (1990), Vey et al. (1995)
Epstein-Barr virus	gB	428RRRRR↓	Furin	Johannsen et al. (2004)
Varicella zoster virus	gB	491 RSRR↓; 501 RANR↓	Furin	Oliver et al. (2009)
Equine cytomegalovirus	gB	518 RRRR↓; 495 RSNR↓	Furin	Spiesschaert et al. (2016)
Baculovirus
Culex nigripalpus nucleo-polyhedrovirus (CuniNPV)	F	126 RARR↓	Furin	Long et al. (2006), Wang et al. (2017)

SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome, MERS Middle East respiratory syndrome, LCMV lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, SIV simian immunodeficiency virus

^aEssential amino acid motifs in bold letters