Fig. 5.1.

Viral infection induces autophagy initiation. (1) Viral protein itself is able to trigger autophagy. (2) The engagement of CD46, a ubiquitous human surface pathogen receptor for measles virus (MeV) is sufficient to induce autophagy through a CD46-Cyt1/GOPC pathway. (3) Fusion activity of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 induce autophagy in uninfected CD4 T cells through binding to CD4 and CXCR4, leading to HIV entry, T cell apoptosis, and immunodeficiency. (4) The recognition process of certain viruses via TLR7 requires transport of cytosolic viral replication intermediates into the lysosome by autophagy. (5) Chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-triggered autophagy is mediated by the ER and oxidative stress pathways